摘要
超亲水−超疏油无机膜材料具有抗污染能力强、环境耐受性好等优点,因而在含油废水处理领域具有较好的应用前景。介绍空气中超亲水−超疏油及超亲水−水下超疏油无机膜材料的制备理论基础,从选择膜改性材料角度出发,系统总结归纳空气中超亲水−超疏油和超亲水−水下超疏油2种无机膜材料的制备方法。制备空气中的超亲水−超疏油无机膜材料主要采用含氟材料,并构造亲水性粗糙表面,通过添加含氟材料降低膜表面能中的色散分量。构造亲水性粗糙表面的方法大多引入亲水性纳米颗粒,以增加膜表面能中的极性分量,从而获得亲水特性。制备超亲水−水下超疏油无机膜材料主要通过构造亲水性粗糙表面获得相应性能。材料的选取通常以亲水性聚合物和亲水性纳米颗粒为主。超亲水−超疏油无机膜材料大多应用于以含油废水处理与废油净化为主的环保领域,相较于“除水过油”处理方式,它具有耐油污性能好、通量高等优点。最后提出了目前该领域研究中存在的一些问题和不足之处,展望了该领域未来的发展方向。
Oily wastewater has the characteristics of large amount of water,difficulty in separation,and will cause harm to the environment.Membrane separation is widely used in the treatment of oily wastewater due to its advantages of low energy consumption and simple operation.However,in a variety of oil-water separation membranes,the superhydrophilicsuperoleophobic inorganic membrane materials have stronger pollution resistance and environmental tolerance,showing a better application prospect in oil-water separation.The work aims to introduce the theoretical basis for the preparation of superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic inorganic membrane materials in air and superhydrophilic-underwater superoleophobic inorganic membrane materials.Based on the selection of membrane materials,the preparation methods of superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic inorganic membrane materials in air and superhydrophilic-underwater superoleophobic inorganic membrane materials are systematically summarized.During the preparation of superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic inorganic membrane materials in air,fluorine-containing materials are mainly used and hydrophilic rough surface is constructed.Fluorine-containing materials reduce the dispersion component of the membrane surface energy to provide its hydrophobic properties,while most of the methods for constructing hydrophilic rough surface are to introduce hydrophilic nanoparticles to increase the polar component of the membrane surface energy to provide its hydrophilic properties.The hydrophilic nanoparticles are represented by TiO2,SiO2 and kaolin.The preparation of superhydrophilic-underwater superoleophobic inorganic membrane materials is mainly achieved through the construction of hydrophilic rough surface,and the material selection is usually based on hydrophilic polymers and hydrophilic nanoparticles.In the water environment,the modified membrane will absorb a large amount of water to the rough surface,thus reducing the contact area with the oil,lowering the adhesion of the oil,and achieving the effect of superhydrophilic-underwater superoleophobic.Superhydrophilic-superoleophobic inorganic membranes are mostly used in the environmental protection field of oily wastewater treatment and waste oil purification.In the past,in the separation of oil and water,most of the superoleophilicsuperhydrophobic membranes were used.However,the treatment method of"oil-removing through water"adopted by superhydrophilic-superoleophobic in air and superhydrophilic-underwater superoleophobic inorganic membrane has the advantages of good oil resistance and high flux,so it will be better applied in the separation of oil and water.If a photocatalytic material such as titanium dioxide is added to the membrane,the intercepted oil droplets can also be purified.At last,some problems and shortcomings in the current research in this field are put forward,and the current research on the modification of superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic membrane in air and superhydrophilic-underwater superoleophobic membrane mostly focuses on organic materials such as fabric and sponge,while the research on inorganic materials mostly focuses on metal omentum,and the research on inorganic non-metallic membrane such as ceramic membrane is less.At the same time,although modified fluorine-containing materials have a good effect,they are not friendly to the environment,and the price is high.Therefore,they are not suitable for large-scale application.Future research may focus on the use of inorganic non-metallic membranes and green modified materials.In terms of oil-water separation,it is necessary to increase the research on the separation of oil-water emulsion by superhydrophilic-superoleophobic inorganic membrane.
作者
蔡鑫宇
李莉
王金杰
李旋坤
刘阳
李光辉
饶品华
CAI Xin-yu;LI Li;WANG Jin-jie;LI Xuan-kun;LIU Yang;LI Guang-hui;RAO Pin-hua(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai University of Engineering Science,Shanghai 201620,China;Innovation Centre for Environment and Resources,Shanghai University of Engineering Science,Shanghai 201620,China)
出处
《表面技术》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第12期289-297,共9页
Surface Technology
基金
上海市地方院校能力建设项目(21010501400)。
关键词
无机膜
超亲水−超疏油
超亲水−水下超疏油
含油废水
含氟材料
油水分离
inorganic membrane
superhydrophilic-superoleophobic
superhydrophilic-underwater superoleophobic
oily wastewater
fluorine-containing materials
oil-water separation
