摘要
择一或叠加适用人民法院所在地与取证行为地法律的证据合法性审查模式,不能解决跨境刑事证据审查判断的实践难题。这是因为,跨境刑事证据审查判断包含的事实性要素和权利性要素相互分离,无法由准据法的选择适用模式进行整合。事实性要素具有共通性,若人民法院在进行审查时对有差异的中外取证程序进行功能比较,实际上就适用了双重准据法。但是,境外取证程序中的事实性要素未被全面识别,使得功能比较无从参照。对权利性要素差异性的片面强调,会阻碍辩方参与司法证明程序,带来事实认定错误的风险。目前,应从三个方面融合两类要素,优化跨境刑事证据的审查判断:一是在进行双重审查的基础上,弥合权利保障要求的差异;二是从功能主义立场出发,实质解释取证程序中的事实性要素;三是加强对辩方程序参与权的司法保障,彰显权利性要素在提升事实认定准确性方面的功能。
The difficulties of examining of cross-border criminal evidence cannot be resolved by introducing a legality review model that applies laws of the location of the court and laws of the location of the evidence gathering exclusively or jointly.Because two types of elements of the examination of crossborder criminal evidence are isolated and cannot be integrated by simply choosing applicable laws.In examining fact-related elements which are universal in nature,some courts have already compared differences in evidence-gathering procedures.This is actually a double-appliable-laws model.But clear guidance for such a comparison is missing because fact-related elements of evidence-gathering procedures are not fully identified.If the examination of right-related elements is exclusively based on domestic laws,judicial sovereignty will be safeguarded better.However,such a model will undermine other states’willingness to provide assistance under certain circumstances.One-sided emphasis on the state-specific nature of right-related elements will impede participation of the defense in judicial proof and increase the risk of errors.The examination of cross-border evidence can be improved through the integration of two kinds of elements.First,in addition to double-examination,bilateral arrangements should be established to overcome differences in guarantees of rights.Second,fact-related element of evidence-gathering procedures can be explained substantially based on the function.Third,participative rights of the defense should be enhanced to reflect the function of right-related elements in ascertaining of the fact.
作者
陈苏豪
CHEN Suhao(China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)
出处
《现代法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第6期192-205,共14页
Modern Law Science
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“国际刑事司法合作中的证据问题研究”(20YJC820007)。
关键词
跨境刑事证据审查
事实性要素
权利性要素
准据法
功能主义
examination of cross-border criminal evidence
fact-related elements
right-related elements
applicable law
functionalism
