摘要
新中国成立后,户籍作为一种制度安排,在特殊历史阶段发挥了一定的作用。随着中国内外环境的改变、发展方式的转变以及宏观制度的转轨,户籍制度开始被动或主动式改革。中国户籍制度改革具有分类式、渐进式和多维博弈等特征,并面临人口流向与政策导向错配、居民落户意愿与地方政府倾向错配、市民化成本与收益错配等困境,导致户籍制度改革推进力度滞后于经济社会发展的需要。当前户籍制度存在的核心问题是,不同等级城市的户籍所附加的福利水平仍存在较大差异以及超大特大城市实行的严格的户籍准入门槛滞后于经济社会发展的需要。为进一步深化户籍制度改革,结合中国当前城乡区域之间发展不平衡不充分的基本国情,应以都市圈内、城市群内户籍制度一体化改革为切入点,继续沿用渐进式、分类式改革思路,完善市民化成本分担机制,提高地方政府改革的积极性。
The Hukou household registration system,established in the early years of the People's Republic of China,served its purpose during a specific historical period.However,with shifts in China's domestic and international environment,economic de-velopment model,and overarching macro-systems,the Hukou system has been subjected to both passive and active reforms.These reforms are marked by a methodical,categorized,and multi-dimensional approach,yet they encounter challenges such as the misalignment of population mobility and policy directives,the discrepancy between residents'settlement intentions and local government policies,and the imbalance between the costs and benefits of granting citizens urban household status.These mismat-ches have caused the pace of Hukou reform to fall behind the evolving needs of economic and social advancement.The primary is-sue lies in the significant welfare disparities attached to Hukous of various city tiers,with large cities maintaining high thresholds for entry,not aligning with the current economic and social progression,To further advance the Hukou reform,considering China's uneven development between urban and rural areas,it is suggested to focus on the integrated reform of the Hukou system within metropolitan regions and city clusters.Persisting with the strategy of gradual,categorized reform measures and enhancing the mechanism for sharing the costs of urbanization could increase the local governments'willingness to reform.
作者
年猛
Nian Meng(Institute of Rural Development,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing)
出处
《经济社会体制比较》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第6期77-87,共11页
Comparative Economic & Social Systems
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“户籍制度改革与中国城市规模体系优化研究”(项目编号:17CJL023)
国家社会科学基金重大项目“统筹推进县域城乡融合发展的理论框架与实践路径研究”(项目编号:22&ZD112)。
