摘要
乡村聚落的发展受到区域城镇发展的巨大影响。我国现阶段主要在县域范围优化村镇聚落体系,并根据实际情况分类推进村庄建设,因此把握县域范围村镇聚落体系的空间演变规律与驱动因素是乡村规划的关键环节。文章从城乡互动的视角,以重庆市永川区为例,基于人地关系与用地转化测度建设用地演变的特征,探讨了城乡发展的影响因素,结合发展演变过程分析驱动力,揭示城乡互动发展背景下村镇聚落的演变机制。结果显示城区主要为紧凑型增长,城区边缘及近郊村镇则为伴随着乡村城镇化的外延型增长,远郊村镇大部分为收缩型,有少量空心型。地理探测器的分析显示出乡村与城镇发展的主要影响因素有明显差异:自然条件主导了乡村的发展;区位、社会经济条件则是城镇发展的主导因素。同时乡村发展又与城镇密不可分,产业协同与转型、人口迁移以及道路港口的建设是永川乡村就地城镇化与可持续发展的核心驱动力;而增减挂钩的相关土地政策则是城乡人地协调和可持续发展的重要保障。乡村振兴应根据村镇聚落发展规律,分区分类精准施策;可构建与城镇产业协同互补的乡村现代农业产业链,培育多元发展引擎;并通过制度改革促进资本、人力、土地在城乡的良性互动。
Understanding the law of rural evolution and revealing the current driving factors of rural development are the premise of rural revitalization.The development of rural settlements is not only limited by their own conditions,but also greatly influenced by the development of regional cities and towns,and thus needs to be considered in an integrated manner within a certain regional scope.At this stage,China mainly optimizes the village and township settlement system in the county,and promotes the construction of villages according to the actual situation,therefore,grasping the spatial evolution law and driving factors of the village and township settlement system in the county is the key link of rural planning.This paper,from the perspective of urban and rural interaction,takes Yongchuan District in Chongqing as an example,based on the relationship and land conversion measurement characteristics of the construction land evolution,the results show that urban mainly for compact growth,urban edge and suburban villages and towns for with rural urbanization growth,suburban towns most for shrinkage,there is a small amount of hollow type.Combined with the analysis of the geographic detector,it shows that the natural conditions dominate the development of villages in Yongchuan District,while the location and socioeconomic conditions are the dominant factors for the development of towns and cities.The evolution mechanism of village and town settlement development in the context of urban-rural interaction can be summarized as follows:natural resource endowment and location conditions are the basic factors of urban-rural development.Industrial transformation and integration,population migration and the construction of road and ports are the core driving forces of rural local urbanization and sustainable development in Yongchuan District.Under the drive of the industrial park,the development of the urban and rural border areas and the suburbs,and the emergence of rural urbanization brings the sustainable development of the suburban countryside;the industrial transformation and integration,and population migration also promote the renewal and compact growth of the city;and also brings the contraction of the outer suburbs;and the related land policy linked to the increase and decrease is an important guarantee for the coordinated development of people and land.The comprehensive effect of these factors forms the spatial development mode of“compact center,multi-point drive;suburban agglomeration and outer suburban reduction”.The study explores the value and inspiration of rural revitalization:(1)rural development cannot be discussed in terms of the countryside,urban and rural areas are both different and closely related.Rural revitalization should be based on the law of development of villages and towns,and precise policies should be implemented by zoning and classification;(2)the connotation of agriculture in the new stage should be clarified,based on the regional characteristic resources,the potential of rural diversified economy should be tapped,and the rural modern agricultural industrial chain coordinated and complementary with urban industries should be built to explore the green ecological cycle of agricultural production mode.The study will foster more diversified new engines of agricultural transformation and agriculture and tourism integration in counties,and provide greater carrying space for rural revitalization and new urbanization.(3)In response to the development trend of industrial synergy and spatial integration between urban and rural areas,the reform of township administrative division and village establishment adjustment should be deepened,and according to the actual situation,the original township and village areas can be broken through the scope of the overall planning in the area scope of the area,so as to ensure that the planned rural functions can be landed on the ground spatially.(4)It should actively explore the rural land system and residential base system that are adapted to the current development stage of urban-rural integration,farmer division,and separation of people and land,and improve the mechanism of transferring indicators for urban and rural construction land increase and decrease,so as to promote rural industrial agglomeration and give full play to the effect of scale.Strengthening the systemic nature of policies,eliminating institutional barriers to the urban-rural dichotomy through institutional reform,promoting the interaction of capital,manpower and land in urban and rural areas,and upgrading the human capital structure of villages so as to realize the coordination of people and land,as well as the sustainable development of urban and rural areas.
作者
黄勇
刘浩然
李旭
陈欣婧
李放
HUANG Yong;LIU Haoran;LI Xu;CHEN Xinjing;LI Fang
出处
《西部人居环境学刊》
CSCD
2023年第6期115-121,共7页
Journal of Human Settlements in West China
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(51978092)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52078073)
国家重点研发计划“绿色宜居村镇技术创新”重点专项(2018YF D1100300)。
关键词
城乡互动
村镇聚落
发展规律
驱动因素
建设用地
Urban-Rural Interaction
Rural Settlements
Evolution Law
Driving Forces
Construction Land
