摘要
提升资源配置效率是经济高质量发展的内在要求。实证研究发现,增强农地产权稳定性会提高农户将劳动力资源配置在农业中的比例。增强农地产权稳定性提高了农户对农地转入和农业社会化服务的需求,进而通过提升农业生产率和农业收入引导农户将更多的劳动力配置在农业部门。同时,这一效应在不同特征的家庭和村庄之间存在异质性。未来应进一步完善农村要素市场,出台农业规模化发展的相关扶持政策,着力引导劳动力要素合理畅通有序流动。
We established a two-sector household occupational choice model to theoretically explore how land titling reform impacts rural labor force allocation.The model suggested that the enhancement in rural land property right induced households to allocate more labor in the agricultural sector through two channels:agricultural productivity improvement and land costs reduction,both of which increased rural income.Furthermore,we employed China Labor Dynamics Survey(CLDS)panel database,and exploited the new round of rural land titling reform in China as a quasi-natural experiment to empirically study how the enhancement of rural land property rights impacted labor resource allocation.Employing a difference-in-differences model,the empirical analysis examined the causal relationship and mechanisms between land property rights stability and the allocation of labor resources among rural households.The empirical results were consistent with the theoretical conclusion,indicating that enhancing the stability of land property rights increased the proportion of labor resources allocated to agriculture.This finding remained robust under propensity score matching difference-in-differences method,instrumental variable tests and placebo tests.The underlying mechanism was that the improvement of land property rights stability reduced transaction risks and costs,incentivizing agricultural inputs by rural households.This directly affected the allocation of land and capital,with the former promoting land consolidation and generating economies of land scale,and the latter facilitating the development of agricultural socialized services and forming economics of service scale.These factors collectively enhanced land and labor productivity,ultimately influencing the allocation of labor resources.The instability of property rights led to lower production efficiency,while the stabilization of rural land property rights could“pull back”high agricultural productivity households that were previously misallocated to non-agricultural sectors.Thus,this study provided a revision to the classical institutional economics theory.This phenomenon represented the true mechanism and significance of rural property rights reform for optimizing resource allocation from the perspective of China’s modernization.Heterogeneity analysis revealed that the impact of land property rights stability on household labor resource allocation varied across different family sizes and village characteristics.Specifically,stabilization of rural land property rights significantly increased the proportion of agricultural labor allocation for family with larger members,but had no significant impact on small households.The effect was not significant for villages with traditional food crops such as rice and wheat as the main products,but significant for villages with other non-traditional food crops such as corn and potatoes as the main products.Unlike previous studies which held the belief that agriculture was always impoverished and that the productivity of the agricultural sector was inherently lagging behind that of the non-agricultural sector,and the optimal allocation of factors was achieved as long as agricultural labor was transferred to the non-agricultural sector,we proposed that the reason for China’s low agricultural productivity and agricultural income was its incomplete land property system,which led to the mismatch of labor with originally high agricultural productivity allocated to the non-agricultural sector.The land titling reform increased agricultural productivity and agricultural income.As a result,the labor force was“correctly”pulled back to agriculture sector,which achieved optimized allocation of labor resources.This process was a manifestation of modernization with Chinese characteristics.Based on findings above,we proposed policy implication to improve the rural factor market development,to introduce relevant support policies for large-scale agricultural development,and to focus on guiding the rational,smooth and orderly flow of labor resource.This paper provides a perspective from China’s rural property rights system reform to study how to achieve“common prosperity”in the New Development Stage.
作者
方师乐
赖慧颖
黄祖辉
徐欣南
Fang Shile;Lai Huiying;Huang Zuhui;Xu Xinnan(Modern Business Research Center,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018,China;School of Economics,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018,China;Hangzhou Liangzhu New City Management Committee,Hangzhou 311113,China;China Academy for Rural Development,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第11期86-101,共16页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
浙江省自然科学基金一般项目(LY21G030005)
国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&092)
中国科协科技智库青年人才计划(20220615ZZ07110035)
浙江省高校重大人文社科攻关项目(2023QN076)
浙江工商大学新锐计划(XR202205)。
关键词
农地产权
新一轮农地确权
农村劳动力
农地流转
社会化服务
rural land property rights
rural land titling reform
rural labor force
rural land transfer
socialized services
