摘要
立法、行政与司法三维视角下生态环境修复责任的分配模式存在显著缺陷,侧重于对生态环境损害行为人的责任追究,严重忽视了政府责任之承担。责任分配失衡,在一定程度上损害了生态环境修复责任的“修复”与“衡平”功能发挥,与生态环境修复目标之实现相悖。政府为人民谋利益的本质决定了其天然负有修复责任,人民对美好生活之追求及生态文明战略定位是政府生态环境修复责任产生的现实动因,国家环境保护义务则为其承担修复责任提供了理论依据。政府生态环境修复责任的确立应采用“环境法典+单行法”的构造路径,核心是明确其责任形态、范围、目标等内容,使政府负有更具确定性、强制性的法律责任,进而推动生态环境修复责任在政府与生态环境损害行为人之间的合理分配。
The allocation model of eco-environment restoration responsibility,seen from the perspectives of legislation,administration,and judiciary,exhibits significant flaws.It focuses on perpetratorsaccountability for eco-environment damage,seriously neglecting the responsibility of governments.The imbalanced distribution of responsibility,to some extent,undermines the functioning of eco-environment restoration responsibility in“restoration”and“equilibrium”,which hinders the achievement of the goals of eco-environment restoration.The essence of the governments,working for the benefit of the people,determines their natural responsibility for restoration.The pursuit of a better life by the people and the strategic positioning of ecological civilization are the realistic reasons for government responsibility for eco-environment restoration.The nations obligation for environment protection provides the theoretical basis for the governments to undertake the responsibility for restoration.The establishment of government responsibility for eco-environment restoration should adopt a structural path of“environmental code+individual legislation”.The core lies in defining responsibility form,scope,objectives,and other contents to render the governments legally responsible with greater certainty and enforceability.This,in turn,will promote the reasonable distribution of eco-environment restoration responsibilities between the governments and those responsible for ecological damage.
作者
何家骆
HE Jiauo(Law School,Ocean University of China)
出处
《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
2023年第6期45-60,共16页
Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
生态环境修复
责任分配模式
政府责任
国家环境保护义务
立法路径
eco-environment restoration
responsibility allocation model
government responsibility
national obligation to protect environment
legislative pathway
