摘要
相较于传统的平面相控阵雷达,圆柱形相控阵雷达具有探测性能全方位均匀覆盖、波束调度更加灵活等优点,但存在方向图副瓣电平较高的问题。针对该问题,本文研究了基于分步综合法的圆柱阵列低副瓣波束形成方法,通过将圆柱阵的二维低副瓣波束形成问题转化为方位维均匀圆环阵(或均匀圆弧阵)和俯仰维均匀线阵的低副瓣方向图综合问题,实现了圆柱阵的二维低副瓣波束形成的降维处理,将圆柱阵的低副瓣波束图综合问题转化为一维圆环阵(或均匀圆弧阵)的低副瓣方向图综合问题。虚拟干扰法是一种在固定主瓣宽度下实现最低均匀副瓣的波束形成方法,但现有方法存在干扰个数取值模糊的问题,本文提出了一种虚拟干扰法改进算法,利用干扰采样比来确定虚拟干扰个数,解决了算法实施过程中对干扰个数的选取定量化。利用改进后的算法本文仿真实现了一维均匀圆弧阵的低副瓣方向图综合和二维圆柱阵的低副瓣波束图综合,并在此基础上定量分析了在波束指向偏离法向时圆柱阵的二维波束图在方位和俯仰维的恶化情况,计算机仿真结果表明,在圆柱阵波束的方位和俯仰指向左右偏离中心法线20°范围内,采用本方法得到的圆柱阵方位和俯仰维方向图副瓣电平均优于-30 dB。最后,利用圆柱阵实物样机在微波暗室开展了方向图测试实验,实测数据表明,圆柱阵方位和俯仰维方向图的副瓣电平均优于-25 dB。
Compared with traditional planar phased array radars,cylindrical phased array radars have the advantages of uniformly covering detection performance in all directions and more flexible beam scheduling.However,they suffer from the problem of high sidelobe levels in the pattern.To address this issue,this paper investigates a low sidelobe beamforming method for cylindrical arrays based on the step-by-step synthesis method.By converting the two-dimensional low sidelobe beamforming problem of cylindrical arrays into the problem of synthesizing the low sidelobe patterns of a twodimensional azimuthally uniform circular(or arc)array and a two-dimensional elevation uniform linear array,the dimensional reduction processing of the two-dimensional low sidelobe beamforming of cylindrical arrays is achieved.This method transforms the low sidelobe beamforming problem of cylindrical arrays into a one-dimensional low sidelobe pattern synthesis problem of a circular(or arc)array.Virtual interference method is a relatively effective low sidelobe beamforming method for conformal arrays,but the existing methods have the problem of ambiguous values for the number of interferences.This paper proposes an improved algorithm for the virtual interference method,which uses the interference sampling ratio to determine the number of virtual interferences,thereby solving the problem of quantifying the selection of interference numbers in the algorithm implementation process.Using the improved algorithm,this paper simulates the low sidelobe pattern synthesis of a one-dimensional azimuthally uniform arc array and the low sidelobe beamforming of a twodimensional cylindrical array,and quantitatively analyzes the degradation of the two-dimensional beam patterns of the cylindrical array in the azimuth and elevation dimensions when the beam is directed away from the normal direction.The computer simulation results show that within the range of 20°deviation from the normal direction in the azimuth and elevation directions of the cylindrical array beam,the sidelobe levels of the patterns obtained by this method are generally better than−30 dB.Finally,the authors conducted directional pattern testing experiments using a physical prototype of a cylindrical array in a microwave anechoic chamber,and the measured data shows that the sidelobe levels of the patterns in the azimuth and elevation dimensions of the cylindrical array are generally better than−25 dB.
作者
刘海波
韩宇新
武兴恺
陈广茂
LIU Haibo;HAN Yuxin;WU Xingkai;CHEN Guangmao(School of Information and Electronics,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Electromagnetic Sensing Research Center of CEMEE State Key Laboratory,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《信号处理》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第12期2190-2204,共15页
Journal of Signal Processing
基金
国家自然科学基金国家重大科研仪器研制项目:面向动物迁飞机理分析的高分辨多维协同雷达测量仪(31727901)。
关键词
圆柱阵
低副瓣
方向图综合
波束形成
cylindrical array
low sidelobe
pattern synthesis
beamforming
