摘要
18个“区域海”的分布确立了海洋生态环境区域治理模式。该模式突破了国家治理维度,在近半个世纪发挥着重要作用。但是,在全球化时代,国家之间表现出高度依存性和渗透性,海洋生态环境问题也日益流露出综合性与复杂性。因此,寻求整体论下的全球治理模式,成为破解这一困境的关键。从理论上来看,新模式以全球共治理论、“新区域主义”理论和全球公民社会理论为溯源,将“条块”治理转向“系统”治理;从规范上来看,它基于《人类环境宣言》、《联合国海洋法公约》和《生物多样性公约》等国际法,聚拢了生成条件。在转型时,区域利益让位于全球利益是基本逻辑,从“中心—边缘”走向“去中心”为内部结构,多边主义下的规则建构是法律支撑,从单向指令走向双向互动为合作秩序。作为全球治理的积极参与者,中国将在“全球—区域—国家—地方”四级治理体系下,一方面推动“海洋生态环境命运共同体”之构建,探索全球利益关照下的区域利益与国家利益观,另一方面优化海洋生态环境治理能力,对现有海洋法律体系予以完善,将国家治理融入全球治理,以实现治理共融。
The 21st century is the century of the sea,the shift from“back to the sea”to“facing the sea”has become a major trend in the development of the world.However,in recent years,the effect of marine ecological environment governance has formed a great contrast with the expectations of the theoretical realm and the international community—marine ecological environmental problems have not been effectively contained but further aggravated.China is a major ocean country,whose deep participation in marine ecological environment governance reflects the international obligations of a responsible power.However,for the moment,the intensity and manner of China s participation are still seriously insufficient.Therefore,how to clarify the challenges that China faces from the perspectives of the logic of rules and governance structure,and then put forward reasonable suggestions and countermeasures to obtain more institutional rights,making it from“ocean country”to“maritime power”,is urgent to explore and study.Using interdisciplinary research method,literature research method,comparative research method,and empirical research method,this paper draws the following conclusion:there are two models of regional governance and global governance for marine ecological environment governance.The distribution of 18“regional seas”established the regional governance mode,which broke through the dimension of state governance and had played an important role for nearly half a century.However,in the era of globalization,countries are highly dependent and permeable,while the marine ecological environment problems are increasingly showing comprehensiveness and complexity.Therefore,to seek the global governance mode under the holism has become the key to solving this dilemma.Theoretically,it traces back to the theories of Global Co-governance,“New Regionalism”,and Global Civil Society,turning the“block”governance to the“system”governance.In the process of transformation,the basic logic is that global interests are superior to regional interests.The internal structure shifts from“core-periphery”to“de-centralization”.The legal support is the construction of rules under multilateralism.The cooperative order shifts from one-way instruction to two-way interaction.As an active participant to the global governance,China will,on one hand,promote the establishment of“a community of shared future for marine ecological environment”through the“global-regional-national-local”governance system,exploring the regional and national interests with the care of global interests.On the other hand,China will optimize the structure and ability of marine ecological environment governance,perfect the existing legal system,and achieve the integration of national governance and global governance.This paper contributes to the existing literature in two aspects:First,the teleological interpretation and systematic explanation of the relevant legal theories,political theories and economic theories can deepen the cognitive research on marine ecological environment governance,and the comparative analysis can deepen the issue of China s role.Second,this paper advocates that the concept of“maritime community with a shared future”should be the fundamental principle of global marine ecological environment governance,and the norm of“common but differentiated responsibilities”is the basic principle.To a certain extent,this paper broadens the approach to interpreting relevant theories of global marine ecological environment governance,and integrates the concept of“maritime community with a shared future”into it,which is conducive to promoting the realization of“a community of shared future for marine ecological environment”.At the same time,this paper can help improve the international status of developing countries to establish a“relatively equal”paradigm of international discourse power,providing a theoretical analysis and intellectual support for China s deep participation in the global marine ecological environment governance.
出处
《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第12期27-41,共15页
Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“国际法视阈下海洋环境治理模式的转型及中国对策研究”(19SFB3053)。
关键词
海洋生态环境问题
区域治理
全球治理
国家治理
国际海洋法
marine ecological environment problems
regional governance
global governance
national governance
international law of the sea
