摘要
以江苏沿海滩涂主栽常规粳稻南粳9108和淮稻5号为试材,研究不同盐胁迫处理包括对照(CK,盐浓度0)、中盐(medium-salinity stress,MS,盐浓度0.15%)和高盐(high-salinity stress,HS,盐浓度0.3%)对水稻籽粒灌浆及产量形成生理特性的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,中盐和高盐胁迫均显著降低水稻产量,降幅分别为26.3%和57.7%(两品种平均);盐胁迫处理下,穗数、每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重均显著下降。(2)盐胁迫显著降低穗长、每穗强势粒和弱势粒籽粒数、结实率和千粒重,其中强势粒结实率和千粒重的降幅均低于弱势粒。(3)盐胁迫下,水稻植株抽穗期和成熟期干物重以及抽穗期至成熟期干物质积累量显著下降,但收获指数明显增加。此外,抽穗后15 d和30 d盐胁迫处理的叶片净光合速率和SPAD值均显著低于对照。(4)盐胁迫降低籽粒最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率,但达最大灌浆速率时间和有效灌浆天数有所增加;盐胁迫提高了强势粒和弱势粒有效灌浆天数,但平均灌浆速率显著下降,其中强势粒灌浆量的降幅低于弱势粒。(5)盐胁迫下,籽粒腺苷二磷酸焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)、淀粉合成酶(SSS)、颗粒型淀粉合成酶(GBSS)和淀粉分支酶(SBE)活性显著下降,其中弱势粒的降幅高于强势粒。综上所述,盐胁迫下水稻强势粒和弱势粒灌浆天数有所增加,但籽粒灌浆速率及其淀粉合成关键酶活性显著下降,致使籽粒充实度、粒重和产量显著下降,其中盐胁迫对弱势粒抑制作用大于强势粒。
To investigate the effect of salinity stress on grain-filling and yield of rice,the conventional japonica rice Nanjing 9108 and Huaidao 5 which were widely planted in saline alkali soil of Jiangsu province were used as the experimental materials.The treatments including the control(CK,0 salt concentration),medium-salinity(medium-salinity,MS,0.15%salt concentration),and high salt(high salinity,0.3%salt concentration)were set.The results showed that,compared with the CK:(1)MS and HS both significantly reduced rice grain yield by 26.3%and 57.7%(average of the two cultivars),respectively.The number of panicles,spikelets per panicle,filled-grain percentage,and 1000-grain weight were all significantly decreased under salinity stress.(2)Sa-linity stress significantly reduced rice panicle length,the number of superior and inferior grains per panicle,filled-grain percent-age,and 1000-grain weight.The decreases in filled-grain percentage and 1000-grain weight of superior grains per panicle under salinity stress were lower than those of inferior grains.(3)Salinity stress significantly reduced the dry matter weight of plants at heading and maturity stages,and the dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity,while increased the harvest index.The net photosynthetic rate and SPAD value at 15 and 30 days after heading of rice leaves under salinity stress were significantly lower than CK.(4)Salinity stress reduced the maximum and mean grain-filling rates of grains during grain-filling period,while the time to achieve the maximum grain-filling rate and effective grain-filling duration of grains increased.Salinity stress increased the days at the first,middle,and late stages during grain-filling period for superior and inferior grains,while the mean grain-filling rate and grain filling amount significantly decreased at the first,middle,and late stages during grain-filling period.The decrease in grain filling amount of superior grains at the first,middle,and late stages during grain-filling period was lower than that of inferior grains.(5)Salinity stress significantly decreased activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase),starch synthases(SSS),granule-bound starch synthase(GBSS),and starch branching enzymes(SBE),and the decrease was greater in inferior grains than superior grains.In conclusion,the grain-filling days for superior and inferior grains increased under salinity stress,but the de-crease in grain filling rate and activities of key enzymes involved in starch synthesis was greater,resulting in a significant deterio-ration in grain filling traits and a significant decrease in grain weight and yield.The inhibitory effects of salinity stress on grain-filling rate and grain filling amount of inferior grains were higher than those of superior grains.
作者
韦还和
张翔
朱旺
耿孝宇
马唯一
左博源
孟天瑶
高平磊
陈英龙
许轲
戴其根
WEI Huan-He;ZHANG Xiang;ZHU Wang;GENG Xiao-Yu;MA Wei-Yi;ZUO Bo-Yuan;MENGTian-Yao;GAO Ping-Lei;CHEN Ying-Long;XU Ke;DAI Qi-Gen(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Jiangsu/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology/Key Laboratory of Sa-line-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas,the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China/East China Branch of National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China;Joint International Re-search Laboratory of Agri-culture and Agro-product Safety,Ministry of Education/Institute of Agricultural Science and Technological Development,)
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期734-746,共13页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0113400,2022YFD1500402)
国家自然科学基金项目(32001466)
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(23)1020)
江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究重大项目(23KJA210004)
中国博士后科学基金项目(2020M671628)
江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金(BE2022304,BE2022305)
江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)资助。
关键词
盐胁迫
水稻
籽粒灌浆
产量
salinity stress
rice
grain-filling
grain yield
