摘要
为了比较12个苹果品种的果实品质,2022年在不同产地于各品种适宜采收期采摘果实样品,测定其19项品质指标(硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C、呼吸强度、乙烯释放量,破裂力、破裂位移、破裂功、屈服力、屈服功、屈服位移、果肉硬度和果肉做功等果实穿刺参数,果面色泽L*值、a*值、b*值、c*值、h*值),运用主成分分析进行综合评价。结果表明,不同品种在各项指标上均存在显著差异,“瑞香红”果实的硬度和可溶性固形物含量显著高于其他品种;“国光”果实的可滴定酸和维生素C含量最高;“华红”果实的呼吸强度最高;“瑞阳”和“华月”乙烯释放量无显著差异,均显著高于其他品种。在穿刺参数中,“国光”果实的破裂位移、破裂功和果肉做功最大,“瑞香红”苹果的破裂力、屈服力、屈服功和果肉硬度最大,“华庆”屈服位移最大。在果面色差参数中,“国光”果实的L*值最大,“瑞香红”果实的a*值最大,“瑞雪”果实的b*、c*、h*值最大。在测定指标中,硬度与可溶性固形物、破裂力、破裂功、屈服力、屈服功、果肉硬度、果肉做功呈极显著正相关,与乙烯释放量呈显著负相关;屈服功与果肉硬度、果肉做功呈极显著正相关;果肉硬度与果肉做功呈极显著正相关;L*值与b*值、h*值呈极显著正相关,与a*值呈极显著负相关;a*值与b*值、h*值呈极显著负相关;b*值与c*值、h°值呈极显著正相关。各品种主成分分析综合得分大小关系为“国光”(0.83)>“乔纳金”(0.33)>“金冠”(0.32)>“瑞雪”(0.27)>“华月”(0.24)>“华红”(0.10)>“瑞香红”(0.04)>“斗南”(-0.20)>“维纳斯黄金”(-0.31)>“寒富”(-0.34)>“瑞阳”(-0.41)>“华庆”(-0.86)。在试验年份,“国光”“乔纳金”“金冠”“瑞雪”“华月”品质较好。
To study the changes of post harvest quality of different apple varieties in different producing areas,and screen out apple varieties with good quality,12 apple varieties were used as materials to determine 19 quality indexes(hardness,soluble solids,titratable acid,vitamin C,respiratory strength,ethylene release,rupture force,rupture displacement,rupture work,yield force,yield work,yield displacement,flesh hardness,flesh work,L*value,b*value,c*value,h*value).The principal component analysis was used for comprehensive evaluation.Results showed the significant differences in each index among different varieties.The fruit hardness and soluble solid content of Ruixianghong were significantly higher than those of other varieties.The contents of titratable acid and vitamin C in Guoguang apple were the highest.The respiration intensity of Huahong fruit was the highest.There was no significant difference in ethylene release between Ruiyang and Huayue,which were significantly higher than other varieties.Among the puncture parameters,the rupture displacement,rupture work and flesh work of Guoguang apple were the largest.Ruixianghong apple had the highest breaking force,yield strength,yield work and flesh hardness,and Huaqing had the highest yield displacement.In the color difference data,the L*value of Guoguang apple was the largest,the a*value of Ruixianghong apple was the largest,and the b*,c*,h*values of Ruixue apple were the largest.The hardness had significant positive correlation with soluble solids,rupture power,rupture work,yield power,yield work,flesh hardness and flesh work,and significantly negative correlation with ethylene release.Yield work was positively correlated with flesh hardness and flesh work.There was an extremely significant positive correlation between flesh hardness and flesh work.L*value was positively correlated with b*value and h*value,and negatively correlated with a*value.a*value was negatively correlated with b*value and h*value,and b*value was positively correlated with c*value and h*value.Order of the comprehensive score of principal component analysis was Guoguang(0.83)>Jonagarin(0.33)>Golden Crown(0.32)>Ruixue(0.27)>Huayue(0.24)>Huahong(0.10.10)>Ruixiang Hong(0.04)>Dounan(-0.20)>Venus Gold(-0.31)>Hanfu(-0.34)>Ruiyang(-0.41)>Huaqing(-0.86).According to the comprehensive score,the top five apples are Guoguang,Jonah King,golden crown,Ruixue and Huayue,indicating that performance of the quality of these five apple varieties is better in the test year.
作者
贾朝爽
孙世民
谭焕光
栾福健
王文辉
王志华
JIA Chaoshuang;SUN Shimin;TAN Huanguang;LUAN Fujian;WANG Wenhui;WANG Zhihua(Research Institute of Pomology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fruit Storage and Processing Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province,Xingcheng,Liaoning,125100,China;Forestry Workstation of Kailu County,Kailu,Nei Mongol,028499,China;Kailu County Forestry and Fruit Industry Technology Promotion Center,Kailu,Nei Mongol,028499,China;Comprehensive Security and Technology Promotion Center of Jianhua Town,Kailu County,Kailu.Nei Mongol,028416,China)
出处
《中国南方果树》
北大核心
2024年第1期150-156,共7页
South China Fruits
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项项目(0201007003010)
中国农业科学院创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2019-RIP)资助。
关键词
苹果
品质
相关性
综合评价
apple
quality
relativity
comprehensive evaluation
