摘要
氚是核工业发展中向环境排放的主要放射性核素之一,且随乏燃料后处理厂、聚变堆等系统的实施,涉氚量将大幅度增加,可能会对环境和公众带来一定的辐射影响.氚形态多样、环境行为复杂且易受环境因素影响,需针对性开发评价系统对环境氚水平及公众辐射剂量进行准确评价.本文系统总结了氚基本特点、不同设施涉氚特点及氚环境行为特性,论述了氚辐射环境评价系统研发现状.在我国先进核能与后处理技术蓬勃发展背景下,在多形态氚的多介质环境迁移转化规律掌握、自主化氚辐射环境评价系统开发与验证、氚辐射环境评价标准体系建立等三个方面提出了研究建议.
Tritium is the most common radionuclide released into the environment because of the development of the nuclear industry. The amount of tritium increases substantially from the spent fuel reprocessing plant and fusion reactor, potentially posing radiation risks to the environment and public health. The environmental behaviors of multi-form tritium are extremely complex and easily influenced by external factors. An assessment system must be developed to accurately assess environmental tritium levels and the effects of radiation on the public. This study summarized tritium's basic characteristics, tritium characteristics in various facilities, and tritium environmental migration characteristics. In addition, the progress of the international tritium environmental radiation assessment systems was discussed here. Considering China's rapid development in advanced nuclear power and reprocessing technologies,research proposals were made upon three areas: migration and transformation rule of multi-form tritium in a multimedia environment,development and validation of a Chinese tritium environmental radiation assessment system, and establishment of a standard system for tritium radiation environmental assessment.
作者
聂保杰
陈德仪
王亮
郑善良
谢锋
李厚文
朱月龙
李凤臣
王德忠
NIE BaoJie;CHEN DeYi;WANG Liang;ZHENG ShanLiang;XIE Feng;LI HouWen;ZHU YueLong;LI FengChen;WANG DeZhong(School of Nuclear Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China(MEE),Beijing 100082,China;Institute of Plasma Physics,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology,Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology,Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education,Tsinghua University,Bejing 100084,China;China National Nuclear Corporation(CNNC)Nuclear Power Operations Management Co.,Ltd.,Haiyan 314300,China;Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy,Ministry of Education,School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China)
出处
《中国科学：技术科学》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期15-30,共16页
Scientia Sinica(Technologica)
基金
国家自然科学基金(批准号:11905305)
广东省自然科学基金(编号:2021A1515010035)资助项目。
关键词
核设施
氚环境行为
氚辐射评价系统
nuclear facility
tritium environmental behaviors
tritium radiation assessment system
