摘要
目的对北京市新型冠状病毒感染者的再次感染情况和症状进行分析,为进一步做好新型冠状病毒感染疫情防控工作提供参考。方法将2023年3—5月北京市新型冠状病毒感染导致的聚集性疫情中涉及的病例作为研究对象,收集并比较二次感染者和首次感染者性别、年龄、感染时间、症状发生的占比,比较XBB和非XBB变异株在上述变量占比差异,探索调整其他因素情况下,首次/二次感染以及不同变异株对高热、咳嗽等症状的影响。结果共纳入321例病例,244例(76.01%)为二次感染,198例(61.68%)感染毒株为XBB变异株。二次感染者主要分布在4月(28.95%)和5月(71.08%),呈上升趋势。首次感染和二次感染均以发热、咽痛、咳嗽等症状为主,但二次感染者出现发热(58.44%vs.90.98%)、高热(体温≥38.5℃)(11.69%vs.61.48%)、咳嗽(35.06%vs.57.79%)、头痛(20.78%vs.45.49%)、乏力(25.97%vs.45.90%)和肌肉关节疼痛(14.29%vs.26.64%)等症状的比例低于首次感染者,出现呕吐症状的占比高于首次感染者(6.49%vs.1.64%,χ^(2)=5.061,P=0.039)。XBB变异株感染者出现鼻塞(46.46%vs.28.46%)和呕吐(4.55%vs.0%)等症状的比例高于非XBB变异株感染者,但出现发热(79.29%vs.89.43%)和高热(41.92%vs.61.79%)等症状的比例低于非XBB变异株感染者。调整性别、年龄等因素后发现,首次感染是出现高热(OR=15.195,95%CI:6.435,35.880)、咳嗽(OR=2.617,95%CI:1.378,4.971)和肌肉关节疼痛(OR=2.278,95%CI:1.044,4.972)症状的危险因素。结论二次感染的主要症状未发生变化,其大部分症状的发生率低于首次感染者,目前北京市流行的各分支毒株导致的主要症状未发生明显变化,对一些症状的出现率可能有影响,应持续开展监测预警工作。
Objective To analyze the re-infections and symptoms among patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in Beijing,so as to provide reference for further prevention and control of the epidemics of COVID-19.Methods The cases involved in the clusters of COVID-19 in Beijing from March to May 2023 were enrolled as the research objects.For COVID-19 patients infected twice or once by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the data of gender,age,infection time and symptoms of patients were collected and the proportions of both types of patients were compared.The differences in the proportions of the above criteria among patients infected by XBB variant and non-XBB variants were also compared.The effects of first/second infections and infections by different variants,on symptoms such as high fever and cough were explored,when other factors were adjusted.Results A total of 321 cases were enrolled in the study,including,244(76.01%)re-infected patients and 198(61.68%)cases infected by XBB variant.The re-infected patients were mainly distributed in April(28.95%)and may(71.08%)with an upward trend.Fever,sore throat and cough were the main symptoms of the first infection and the second infection,but comparing to the first-infection patients,the re-infected patients showed lower incidences of fever(58.44%vs.90.98%),hyperpyrexia(temperature≥38.5°C)(11.69%vs.61.48%),cough(35.06%vs.57.79%),headache(20.78%vs.45.49%),fatigue(25.97%vs.45.90%)and pain in muscle and joint(14.29%vs.26.64%),and higher incidence of vomiting(6.49%vs.1.64%,χ^(2)=5.061,P=0.039).Comparing to non-XBB variant infected patients,the XBB variant infected patients showed higher incidences of nasal obstruction(46.46%vs.28.46%)and vomiting(4.55%vs.0%)and lower incidence of fever(79.29%vs.89.43%)and hyperpyrexia(41.92%vs.61.79%).After adjusting for factors such as gender and age,the first infection was the risk factor for developing high fever(OR=15.195,95%CI:6.435,35.880),cough(OR=2.617,95%CI:1.378,4.971)and pain in muscle and joint(OR=2.278,95%CI:1.044,4.972).Conclusions The main symptoms in re-infection remained unchanged,and the incidences of most symptoms were lower than that of the first-infection patients.The main symptoms caused by the prevalent strains of different branches in Beijing had no significant change while these may affect the incidences of some symptoms.Surveillance and early warning should be carried out continuously.
作者
马春娜
孙瑛
张莉
吴文婷
段玮
张姣姣
马佳鑫
王莹莹
张代涛
王全意
Ma Chunna;Sun Ying;Zhang Li;Wu Wenting;Duan Wei;Zhang Jiaojiao;Ma Jiaxin;Wang Yingying;Zhang Daitao;Wang Quanyi(Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control,Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China;Center office,Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China)
出处
《国际病毒学杂志》
2023年第6期472-476,共5页
International Journal of Virology
基金
国家重点研发计划(2023YFC0872400)
北京市科技计划项目(Z221100007922020,Z231100004823002)。
