摘要
1949年以来,我国经历了国家职能的历史性转变,社会政策与社会福利制度发展亦呈现鲜明的阶段性特征。2021年我国全面建成小康社会,消除了绝对贫困,标志着我国现代社会福利制度建设进入了新阶段。本文以社会政策与社会立法为切入点,选择现代、广义社会福利理论视角,将社会政策与社会福利法制建设划分为六个主要阶段,概括社会福利政策与社会福利法制九大结构性特征,总结六大基本历史经验。总体来看,70余年法治国家、法治政府、法治社会建设走过曲折坎坷、波澜壮阔的历程,积累了丰富的历史经验,蕴含现代法治的普遍性规律。主要启示包括:家庭化保护应升级为国家层面的福利制度;现代社会发展应避免社会政策被经济政策化;最佳的社会政策也是最佳的经济政策;探索建立具有中国特色的现代社会福利制度是推进中国式现代化的应有之义,关键在于推动现代社会福利财政制度建设。
Since 1949,China has experienced the evolution process from“omnipotent country”before the reform and opening up, to “national retreat” after the reform and opening up, and then to the “transformation of national functions”. The development of social policies and social welfare system has shown a distinct stage. By 2021, China has completed the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, basically eliminate absolute poverty, and enter a new stage in the development of a modern social welfare system. From the perspective of the constitution, law and social welfare system, with social policy and social legislation as the breakthrough point, choose modern, broad social welfare theory perspective, the social policy and social welfare legal construction is divided into six main stages, summarizes the social welfare policy and social welfare system structural ten characteristics, summarizes the six basic historical experience. On the whole, the more than 70 years of building the construction of a country, government and society under the rule of law have gone through twists and magnificent historical process, accumulated rich historical experience and contained the universal law of modern rule of law. The most important historical experience is the upgrading of family-based protection to the state welfare system. The most important historical lesson is that the development of modern society must avoid social policy with the characteristics of economic policy. The most important historical lesson is that the best social policy is the best economic policy. The essence of the modern socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the modern social welfare system. The key is to build the modern social welfare finance system and create the third modern social policy, social welfare legal system and social welfare state system paradigm different from Britain and Germany in the world.
作者
刘继同
周京
Liu Jitong;Zhou Jing
出处
《社会政策研究》
CSSCI
2024年第1期25-37,131,132,共15页
Social Policy Research
基金
国家哲学社会科学基金项目“中国特色现代儿童福利与家庭福利制度研究”(项目批准号:19BSH159)
财政部与国家卫健委联合委托课题“我国卫生财政投入政策演进历程及其评价研究”
2021年民政部委托课题“中国现代家庭养老服务政策支持研究”。
关键词
社会政策
社会立法
中国社会福利制度模式
Social policies
Social legislation
China’s social welfare system model
