摘要
明清中国普遍的诸子均分制与同时期西欧较多的长子继承制,其差异源自中西土地产权与经济主体特性的不同。明清多层次的土地产权与多样化的交易形式,以及具有较强生命力的独立个体家庭农庄,成为分家析产赖以运行且长期延续的制度保障。西欧庄园产权的身份性及整体性则使财产继承与身份继承不可分割,农牧结合型庄园的经营方式与自成一体的生产生活秩序强化了其整体性,长子继承成为合乎逻辑和具有适应性的制度选择。家产继承制度对中西经济模式与发展方向都产生了影响。西欧的长子继承制本身并不具备制度优势,而是间接地在原有体制之外催生出新的异质因素,进而推动制度变革,长子继承制自身随之衰落;中国的诸子均分制则与个体家庭农庄经营相互强化,在维系传统社会稳定的同时也抑制了变革。
The difference between the system of equal shares for all sons(partible inheritance),which was prevalent in Ming and Qing China,and primogeniture,which was more common in Western Europe during the same period,stems from the difference in the characteristics of land ownership and economic agents between China and the West.The multi-layered property rights to land and diversified forms of transaction in the Ming and Qing dynasties,as well as the strong vitality of individual family holdings,became the institutional guarantee for the operation and long-term continuation of the division of the family and partition of property.The status and holistic nature of the property rights of the Western European manor rendered the inheritance of property and status inseparable;the management and self-contained mode of production and life of combined agricultural and pastoral holdings made the manor more holistic,so that the eldest son's inheritance became a logical and adaptable institutional choice.Their systems of family inheritance had an impact on both Chinese and Western economic modes and developmental directions.Western European primogeniture did not have institutional advantages in itself,but indirectly gave rise to new heterogeneous factors outside the original system.These led to institutional change,resulting in the decline of primogeniture.In China,the system of equal shares for all sons and individual family holdings reinforced each other,maintaining the stability of traditional society while at the same time inhibiting change.
作者
龙登高
赵亮
陈月圆
Long Denggao;Zhao Liang;Chen Yueyuan
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第1期183-204,208,共23页
Social Sciences in China
