摘要
利用呼伦贝尔市CIMISS系统实况资料,统计分析了2010—2021年5—9月东北冷涡背景下的强对流天气时空分布及物理量参数特征。结果表明:(1)5月雷暴大风次数最多,6月冰雹次数最多,6—8月是短时强降水集中发生期,尤以8月次数最多。(2)强对流天气主要出现在12:00—20:00,其中短时强降水每个时次均有发生,但雷暴大风与冰雹天气在21:00—次日08:00基本没有发生过。(3)大兴安岭西部雷暴大风站次较多;大兴安岭东北部、岭上及岭西北的冰雹站次较多;短时强降水与强对流天气空间分布特征较为一致,均是大兴安岭岭上南段与岭东的站次较多。(4)雷暴大风天气的风速多以17.2~20.7 m·s^(-1)为主;短时强降水量级为20.0~29.9 mm的站次占总站次的74.3%;持续时间小于5 min冰雹居多,直径小于5 mm冰雹的站次占总站次的49.1%。(5)短时强降水850 hPa的比湿、水汽通量、水汽通量散度的物理量参数均值均大于冰雹、雷暴大风;短时强降水K指数均值大于冰雹、雷暴大风,T850-T500均值大于26℃,短时强降水与冰雹的SI均值相当,比雷暴大风值小;对流有效位能均值相差不大,以短时强降水最大;短时强降水垂直速度大于冰雹、雷暴大风;短时强降水0℃层与-20℃层高度均值远高于冰雹、雷暴大风。
The spatial-temporal distribution and physical parameters of severe convective weather under the background of the Northeast China cold vortex from May to September during 2010-2021 were statistically analyzed by using CIMISS data in Hulunbuir.The results were as follows:(1)Thunderstorm gales and hails occurred most frequently in May and June,respectively.The short-time heavy rainfall occurred mainly from June to August,especially in August.(2)The strong convective weather mainly occurred during 12:00-20:00.The short-time heavy rainfall could happen at any time during that period,and the thunderstorm gales and hails hardly happened from 20:00 to 8:00 the next day.(3)Both short-time heavy rainfall and strong convective weather occurred mostly in the southern and eastern upper of the Greater Khingan Mountains,with the similar spatial distribution characteristics.(4)The maximum gust wind speed of thunderstorm gales were between 17.2 and 20.7m·s^(-1) mostly.The stations with short-time precipitation of 20.0-29.9 mm accounted for 74.3%of the total.The duration of hails was generally less than 5 minutes,and 49.1%of hails were less than 5 mm in diameter.(5)The mean values of specific humidity,water vapor flux and water vapor flux divergence of short-term heavy rainfall were greater than those of hails and thunderstorm gales at 850 hPa.The mean K index of short-term heavy rainfall was the biggest,and all the average values of T850-T500 were greater than 26℃.The mean value of SI index of thunderstorm gales was the smallest.The average CAPE index,vertical velocity and the height between 0℃ layer and-20℃layer of short-term heavy rainfall were the biggest in all severe convective weather.
作者
王洪丽
王颖
刘伟
高绍鑫
李耀东
Wang Hongli;Wang Ying;Liu Wei;Gao Shaoxin;Li Yaodong(Hulunbuir Meteorological Bureau,Inner Mongolia Hulunbuir 021008)
出处
《内蒙古气象》
2023年第5期3-7,14,共6页
Meteorology Journal of Inner Mongolia
基金
内蒙古自治区气象局引导性创新基金项目(nmqxydcx202204)
内蒙古自治区气象局科技创新项目(nmqxkjcx202304)
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2023MS04006)共同资助。
关键词
东北冷涡
强对流天气
时空分布
对流强度
物理量参数
Northeast China cold vortex
Severe convective weather
Spatial-temporal distribution
Convective intensity
Physical index
