摘要
以色列自1948年建国以来,对国内阿拉伯人实施表面上平等自治、实质上歧视压制分化的民族政策。在建构主义理论视角下,以色列歧视性民族政策源于犹太复国主义思想、基于恶劣地缘环境而产生的绝对安全观,以及国内阿拉伯人“威胁”犹太人主体民族数量的认知焦虑。排他性的犹太复国主义思想不仅阻碍了将阿拉伯民族融进以色列国家的路径,同时反向促进了阿拉伯人自身独立性的构建,而恶劣的地缘安全形势使得阿拉伯人长期被以色列社会看作“第五纵队”,无法被主流社会接纳。以色列本土主体族群人口不足、阿拉伯人数量增加的情势,使以色列的本土犹太人产生了前所未有的极大的不安与危机感,推动以色列政府事实上对阿拉伯人实行歧视性政策。该政策使得以色列阿拉伯人在政治、经济和文化各个方面都被以色列主流社会边缘化,同时更破坏了以色列的民主制与国家构建。以色列只有采取更公平的民族政策,才能在族群政治的现实中实现以色列族群关系的和谐,构建合理的国家认同,实现民族国家的稳定构建。
Since the establishment of Israel in 1948,the state of Israel has implemented a policy of apparent equality andautonomy,but in essence of discrimination and division towards the Israeli Arabs.In the perspective of constructivist theory,Israel's discriminatory ethnic policies are rooted in Zionist ideology,a thought of absolute security based on the harsh geopolitical environment,and a cognitive anxiety that Israeli Arabs"threaten"the status of Jewish domination.The exclusionary Zionist ideology not only hinders the integration of the Arabs into the Israeli state,but also contributes to the construction of the Arabs'own independent identity,while the poor form of geo-security perpetuates the perception of the Arabs as a‘fifth column'in Israeli mainstream society and prevents them from being accepted by mainstream society.The underpopulation of Israel's dominant ethnic-group and the increase in the number of Arabs created an unprecedented sense of anxiety and crisis among Israel's indigenous Jewish population,driving Israeli policy to discriminate against Arabs de facto.This policy has marginalized Israeli Arabs from mainstream Israeli society in all political,economic and cultural aspects,and has undermined Israeli democracy and state-building.Only by adopting a more equitable ethnic policy can Israel achieve harmony in Israeli ethnic relations within the reality of ethnic politics,construct a rational national identity and achieve the stable state-building of a modern nation-state.
作者
肖宪
张庶
Xiao Xian;Zhang Shu
出处
《西亚非洲》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第1期76-101,154,155,共28页
West Asia and Africa
