摘要
农户对化肥和农药的不合理使用是造成农业面源污染的重要原因。在农村地区,基层农业科技人员年龄和知识老化导致在实际农业面源污染治理中,存在着环境友好型农业生产技术推广不到位的问题。智力支撑是指通过加强对农业生产者(含农资经营者)的培训,为农业面源污染治理提供现代化人才。本文介绍广东农业面源污染治理过程中构建的智力支撑模式的实践与推广情况,并以惠州市惠阳区为例,介绍智力支撑下的农业面源污染治理成效。世界银行贷款广东省农业面源污染治理项目构建省、市、县、镇、村五级专家库形成智力支撑模式,建立以省、市、县专家构成的技术支撑体系,实现项目建设与培训,解决项目实施遇到的技术问题;建立以镇农技人员为主体、每个项目实施村聘用2名村级助理的技术服务体系,为农户提供项目技术示范和指导;通过建立有效的激励制度,提高镇技术指导员和村技术助理的积极性。实践结果证明,智力支撑模式可有效助力农业面源污染治理,农户参与项目的积极性提高,参加项目的农户化肥农药使用量下降、实现节本增收、种植技术和环境保护意识得到提升,参与项目的农资店经营更加规范。本项目通过构建智力支撑体系,为项目实施提供强有力的技术支撑力量,同时还培养了一批农业面源污染治理管理和技术人才,助推实施乡村振兴战略。
The inappropriate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by farmers is an important cause of agricultural non-point source pollution.In rural areas,the old age and outdated knowledge of grass-roots agricultural science and technology personnel led to the problem of insufficient promotion of environment-friendly agricultural production technology in the practical agricultural non-point source pollution control.Intellectual support refers to providing modern talents for agricultural non-point source pollution control by strengthening the training of agricultural producers(including agricultural material operators).This paper introduced the practice and promotion of the intellectual support model constructed in the process of agricultural non-point source pollution control in Guangdong,and took Huiyang District of Huizhou City as an example to elaborate the effect of agricultural non-point source pollution control under intellectual support.Project of Loan from World Bank to Control Guangdong Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution facilitated to build an intelligence support model based on an expert pool of five-level(provincial,city,county,town and village levels)and establish a technical support system backed up by experts of provincial,city,county levels,so as to realize project construction and training and solved the technical problems in the implementation of the project;with town-level agricultural technicians as the main body of technical service system,each project implementation village employed 2 village-level assistants to provide project technical demonstration service and guidance for farmers;through the establishment of an effective incentive system,town-level technical instructors and village-level technical assistants were encouraged.Results proved that the intellectual support model could effectively help agricultural control non-point source pollution,encourage farmers to participate in the project,decrease the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by farmers,save costs,raise awareness of planting technology and environmental protection and regulate operation of agricultural materials stores.By building an intellectual support system,this project provides a strong technical support for the implementation of the project.At the same time,it also cultivates personnel for agricultural non-point source pollution control management and technology to help implement rural vitalization strategy.
作者
孙大元
胡学应
朱明鲲
李冬娴
林壁润
张景欣
沈会芳
蒲小明
杨祁云
SUN Dayuan;HU Xueying;ZHU Mingkun;LI Dongxian;LIN Birun;ZHANG Jingxin;SHEN Huifang;PU Xiaoming;YANG Qiyun(Institute of Plant Protection,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510640,China;Guangdong Agricultural Environment and Cultivated Land Quality Protection Center,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510500,China;Agricultural and Rural Comprehensive Service Center of Huiyang District,Huizhou City,Huizhou,Guangdong 516200,China;Guangdong Experimental High School,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510375,China)
出处
《农业研究与应用》
2023年第5期88-95,共8页
Agricultural Research and Application
基金
世界银行贷款广东农业面源污染治理项目
广东省现代农业产业共性关键技术研发创新团队建设项目(绿色发展)(2020KJ112、2021KJ112、2022KJ112、2023KJ112)
广东省农业科学院科技创新战略专项(R2017YJ-YB2002)。
关键词
智力支撑
农业面源污染治理
技术支撑体系
技术服务体系
成效
Intellectual support
agricultural non-point source pollution control
technical sup‐port system
technical service system
effectiveness
