摘要
美国十九世纪作家、哲学家、超验主义者亨利·戴维·梭罗以其代表作《瓦尔登湖》闻名于世。鲜为人知的是,梭罗曾短暂地投身于教育实践,并终身对教育议题保持关注。本文通过梳理梭罗的生平及多部作品,对其教育思想展开分析:作为教师,梭罗提倡建立相对平等的师生关系,要以自然和实际生活为师;作为学园演讲者,梭罗认为,成人和孩童一样,都应接受教育,免于无知;作为自我教育实践者,梭罗指出应当从自然之中寻找自我,过不受物质负累的简朴生活。对梭罗的教育思想进行解读,一方面有助于增进对梭罗的了解,拓宽理解其思想谱系以及超验主义运动的维度;另一方面则有助于挖掘其思想中至今仍不过时的关于自由、自我、自然关系的教育内涵,期待能为当今的教育者和受教育者提供启示。
Henry David Thoreau,an American writer,philosopher,and transcsendentalist in the 19th century,is famous for his masterpiece Walden.However,it is less well-known that Thoreau dedicated himself to educational practice briefly and kept lifelong attention on educational issues.This article made an analysis of Thoreau’s educational thoughts by teasing out his life and works:As a school teacher,Thoreau advocated that a relatively equal teacher-student relationship should be established and that nature and real life could be seen as a teacher.As a lyceum lecturer,he thought that,adults as well as children,should receive education to avoid being ignorant.And as a self-culture practitioner,Thoreau pointed out that people should seek themselves in nature and live a simple life free from the burden of material possessions.The interpretation of Thoreau’s educational thoughts,on one hand,is conducive to understanding Thoreau and broadening the spectrum and dimensions of making sense of his thoughts and transcendentalism;On the other hand,it helps further to dig out the educational meanings in Thoreau’s opinions on the relationship freedom,self and nature which are still not out of date till today,to expect to provide enlightenment for today’s educators and the educated.
作者
王晨
罗秋白
WANG Chen;LUO Qiubai(Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)
出处
《现代教育论丛》
2024年第1期16-27,共12页
Modern Education Review
基金
2022年度北京师范大学教育学一流学科培优项目“全面实现教育现代化中国道路的历史研究”(YLXKPYXSDW202203)。
关键词
梭罗
学校教育
成人教育
自然教育
自我教育
Henry David Thoreau
School education
Adult education
Nature education
Self-educatien
