摘要
【目的】研究压差式施肥和泵吸式施肥两种施肥装置对滴灌棉田氮素吸收、棉花产量及氮肥利用率的影响,为新疆干旱区滴灌棉田水肥一体化技术提供理论依据。【方法】设置3个处理:不施氮(N_(0))、压差式施肥装置(N_(300)-压差式)、泵吸式施肥装置(N_(300)-泵吸式),其中氮肥为硫酸铵,用量为300 kg/hm^(2)。【结果】与N 0处理相比,N_(300)-压差式和N_(300)-泵吸式处理显著增加棉花总生物量、氮素吸收量和籽棉产量;与N_(300)-压差式处理相比,N_(300)-泵吸式处理滴头肥液铵态氮浓度分布更加均匀,且N_(300)-泵吸式处理棉花生物量、氮素吸收量、籽棉产量和氮肥利用率显著增加15.94%、31.50%、7.32%和52.98%。【结论】同一施肥量的条件下,泵吸式施肥装置滴头肥液铵态氮浓度随时间变化幅度比压差式施肥装置小,泵吸式施肥装置施肥均匀性优于压差式施肥装置,泵吸式施肥装置较压差式施肥装置促进棉花生长,且显著提高氮素吸收量及籽棉产量和氮肥利用率。
【Objective】To explore the effects of two fertilization devices,differential pressure fertilization and pumping fertilization,on nitrogen absorption,cotton yield and nitrogen use efficiency in drip irrigation cotton fields so as to provide theoretical basis for the development of water and fertilizer integration technology in drip irrigation cotton fields in arid areas of Xinjiang.【Methods】The three treatments were set up in the experiment:no nitrogen application(N 0),differential pressure fertilization device(N_(300)-differential pressure type)and pump-suction fertilization device(N_(300)-pump-suction type),in which the nitrogen fertilizer was ammonium sulfate,and the dosage was 300 kg/hm^(2).【Results】Compared with N_(0)treatment,N_(300)-differential pressure treatment and N_(300)-pumping treatment significantly increased cotton total biomass,nitrogen absorption and seed cotton yield.Compared with N_(300)-differential pressure treatment,N_(300)-pumping treatment had a more uniform distribution of ammonium nitrogen in emitter fertilizer solution,and the cotton biomass,nitrogen absorption,seed cotton yield and nitrogen utilization rate increased by 15.94%,31.50%,7.32%and 52.98%,respectively.【Conclusion】Under the same fertilization amount,the variation range of ammonium nitrogen concentration in emitter fertilizer solution of pump-suction fertilization device with time is smaller than that of differential pressure fertilization device.Therefore,the uniformity of fertilization of pump-suction fertilization device is better than that of differential pressure fertilization device,and the pump-suction fertilization device promotes cotton growth and significantly improves nitrogen absorption,thus increasing seed cotton yield and nitrogen utilization rate.
作者
杨茂琪
侯振安
闵伟
YANG Maoqi;HOU Zhenan;MIN Wei(Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China)
出处
《新疆农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期271-278,共8页
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32160742)
新疆生产建设兵团指导性项目(2022ZD011)。
关键词
棉花
压差式施肥装置
泵吸式施肥装置
产量
氮肥利用率
cotton
differential pressure fertilization device
pump-suction fertilization device
yield
nitrogen use efficiency
