摘要
为探索黄淮海区域夏玉米最优测墒补灌模式,采用田间试验方法在夏玉米大喇叭口期、抽雄开花期和籽粒灌浆期均分别设0~40 cm土层控制目标土壤相对含水量70%和75%补灌模式2个,以常规灌溉模式(目标土壤相对含水量100%)为对照,研究不同模式对夏玉米成熟期土壤养分、玉米长势、产量及其构成因素、水分利用等的影响。研究结果表明:1)与常规灌溉和70%补灌模式相比,75%补灌模式显著提高了夏玉米成熟期土壤全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量和玉米株高、生物量鲜重、含水量、穗粒数、千粒重和产量,最大增幅分别为8.38%、29.82%、26.74%和12.71%、16.73%、37.76%、18.38%、9.98%、2.56%、12.80%;2)75%补灌模式比常规灌溉模式显著降低了玉米植株耗水总量,节水10.32%,提高了水分利用率25.78%和灌溉水利用率69.71%,75%补灌模式比70%补灌模式水分利用率和灌溉水利用率分别提高了25.81%和14.22%。因此,本试验条件下,夏玉米大喇叭口期、抽雄开花期和籽粒灌浆期75%补灌模式是黄淮海区域夏玉米节水保肥、增产高效的最优测墒补灌模式。
To explore the optimal soil moisture measurement pattern for summer maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai region,a field experiment was conducted with the relative water contents of the target soil in 0~40 cm soil layer at 70%model and 75%model,respectively,at maize large trumpet stage,tasseling and flowering stage and grain filling stage,and the conventional irrigation model(relative water content of the target soil at 100%)as control.The effects of different models on soil nutrients,maize growth,yield and its components,water use and so on were studied.The results show that:1)Compared with conventional irrigation model and 70%supplementary irrigation model,75%supplementary irrigation model significantly increased soil total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium contents,and plant height,biomass fresh weight,water content,grain number per ear,thousand grain weight and yield of maize at mature stage.The highest increments were 8.38%,29.82%,26.74%and 12.71%,16.73%,37.76%,18.38%,9.98%,2.56%,12.80%,respectively.2)Compared with conventional irrigation model,75%supplementary irrigation model significantly reduced the total water consumption of maize,saving water 10.32%and improved the water utilization efficiency and irrigation water utilization efficiency,with 25.78%and 69.71%,respectively.The water and irrigation water utilization efficiency of 75%irrigation model were 25.81%and 14.22%higher than those of 70%irrigation model.Therefore,under the conditions of the experiment,the 75%supplemental irrigation model of summer maize at the trumpet stage,the tasseling and flowering stage and the grain filling stage is the optimal irrigation model for saving water,maintaining soil nutrients,and increasing yield and efficiency in Huang-Huai-Hair region.
作者
邢晓飞
宋付朋
王祥峰
杨志峰
王文杰
秦涛
XING Xiao-fei;SONG Fu-peng;WANG Xiang-feng;YANG Zhi-feng;WANG Wen-jie;QIN Tao(Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Jinan 250100,China;National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer,College of Resources and Environment/Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,China;Ningyang County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Ningyang 271400,China;Yantai Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yantai 264000,China;Dongying Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Dongying 257000,China;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Hekou District,Dongying City,Hekou 257200,China)
出处
《山东农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
北大核心
2024年第1期16-22,共7页
Journal of Shandong Agricultural University：Natural Science Edition
基金
国家重点研发计划子课题:环渤海盐碱地盐源阻隔土体构建防盐关键技术(2021YFD190090205)。
关键词
测墒补灌
黄淮海区域
夏玉米
产量
水分利用率
Supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture(SIBSM)
Huang-Huai-Hai region
Summer maize
Yield
Water utilization efficiency
