摘要
大学校长担负着领导大学发展的责任。经过对中美两国一流大学校长比较分析发现,两国校长均以男性为主,普遍拥有博士学位和高校工作经历;美国一流大学校长偏向“长者化”,任职年龄、任职年限和退任年龄均明显高于我国;我国一流大学校长尤其是中管高校校长获得最高学位的学科背景主要集中于理工科,而美国一流大学校长尤其是私立大学校长的学历背景则表现为理工科与人文社科各占一半;我国一流大学校长尤其是中管高校校长学缘关系十分明显,晋升方式以内部升职为主,美国一流大学校长则以校外聘任为主;我国一流大学校长尤其是中管高校校长的职业晋升阶梯一般表现为“系主任—院长—副校长—校长”,而美国一流大学校长尤其是公立大学校长的职业晋升阶梯则通常表现为“系主任—院长—教务长或副校长—校长”。对此,我国大学校长选任应反思传统遴选所带来的问题,提高群体结构合理性;完善选任要求,重视多岗位锻炼和跨院校工作经历;打造“选养”并举的选任制度,适度放宽年龄及任期限制。
The president is responsible for leading the development of the university.A comparative analysis of the occupational characteristics of the presidents of first-class universities in China and the United States shows that the presidents are mainly male,who generally have a doctor's degree and university work experience.American university presidents tend to be “elderly”,and their service age,service years and retirement age are significantly higher than those of Chinese university presidents.The academic background of Chinese university presidents,especially those in centrallyadministrated universities,is mainly concentrated in science and engineering,while that of American university presidents,especially those in private universities,is equally divided in science and engineering and humanities and social sciences.The alumni relations of Chinese university presidents,especially those in centrally-administrated universities,are very clear,and the promotion mode is mainly internal promotion,while that of American university presidents is mainly external appointment.The general career ladder of Chinese university presidents,especially those in centrally-administrated universities,is “department leader-dean-vice president-president”,while that of the American university presidents,especially those in public universities,is “department leaderdean-vice president or provost-president”.In view of this,the selection of the presidents of Chinese universities should reflect on the selection tradition and improve the rationality of group structure,improve the requirements and attach importance to multi-position training and cross-university work experience,establish a selection system that includes both selection and training,and moderately relax the age and term limits.
作者
别敦荣
邵剑耀
BIE Dunrong;SHAO Jianyao(Xiamen University,Xiamen Fujian 361005)
出处
《现代教育管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第1期21-36,共16页
Modern Education Management
基金
国家社会科学基金教育学国家重大项目“中国特色高校评价体系的内涵与建构研究”(VIA230008)。
关键词
一流大学
校长
职业特征
中国
美国
first-class universities
university presidents
occupational characteristics
China
the United States
