摘要
为了解决不良商家常以非洲螺穗木冒充檀香木的市场乱象,从构造特征、气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)及傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)特征三方面对檀香木和非洲螺穗木进行了辨析。从木材构造特征角度详细阐述了檀香木和非洲螺穗木的主要辨别要点:檀香木心材为黄褐色,非洲螺穗木心材呈褐色且有黑色条纹;檀香木几乎全部为单管孔,管孔内未见树胶,而非洲螺穗木管孔除单管孔外,还具有径列复管孔和少数管孔团,且心材管孔具有树胶;檀香木的木射线宽1~2列,主为2列,木射线组织类型多为异Ⅱ型,而非洲螺穗木木射线以单列为主,木射线组织类型为同形及异Ⅲ型;檀香木的轴向薄壁组织以星散状为主,而非洲螺穗木的轴向薄壁组织呈不规则、断续的切线状或星散聚合。用95%乙醇超声提取1 h檀香木与螺穗木木粉,GC-MS研究显示:檀香木与非洲螺穗木总离子流图存在一定区别,檀香木出峰时间主要集中在23~27 min,非洲螺穗木出峰时间主要集中在31~34 min;檀香木主要化学成分为α-檀香醇、β-檀香醇、反式-α-檀香醇、月桂酸乙酯和黏蒿三烯,其中相对含量最高的是α-檀香醇,而非洲螺穗木提取出的主要化学成分为2-莰烯、1H-环戊烯并[b]喹啉-9-胺,2,3,5,6,7,8-六氢化-、维生素A和雄烯二酮,维生素A的相对含量最高。通过FT-IR研究发现,檀香木和非洲螺穗木在600~1 000 cm-1范围内差异显著,檀香木的891~899和663~669 cm-1吸收峰均不明显,而非洲螺穗木在这两处均有明显的吸收峰,在748 cm-1处檀香木未出现代表纤维素的一个峰值,而非洲螺穗木在此处具有一个小的波峰。
Santalum album Linn looks like Spirostachys africana Sond,but they are two quite different species that belong to different families.The former is a usual tree from southern India,being classified under the family Santalaceae,while the latter is a deciduous tree species that is native to Africa,being highly valued for its attractive wood appearance.In this study,to distinguish the difference between them,S.album Linn and Sp.africana Sond were analyzed from the three aspects,i.e.,structural characteristics,gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS)and Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectral characteristics,the structural characteristics of sandalwood and African spikwood were elaborated,and the following distinguishing points were summarized.The heartwood of S.album Linn was yellowish brown while the heartwood of Sp.africana Sond was brown with black stripes.S.album Linn mainly had single pore,while Sp.africana Sond had multiple diameter pore and a few pore groups besides single pore.Black gum was found in the heartwood of the Sp.africana Sond,but was not found in S.album Linn.The wood ray was single or double row in S.album Linn,the main in double row,while mostly single row in Sp.africana Sond.Most ray types of S.album Linn were heterogeneousⅡ,but the ray types of Sp.africana Sond were homogeneous and heterogeneousⅢ.The axial parenchyma of S.album Linn was mainly scattered,while the axial parenchyma of Sp.africana Sond was irregular and discontinuous,tangential or scattered.Ultrasonic extraction of S.album Linn and Sp.africana Sond powder for 1 h with 95%ethanol was carried out,the result showed that there were some differences between the total ion chromatogram of S.album Linn and Sp.africana Sond.The peak emergence time of S.album Linn was mainly concentrated between 23 and 27 min,and that of Sp.africana Sond was mainly concentrated between 31 and 34 min.The main chemical components of S.album Linn areα-santalol,β-santalol,anti-α-santalol,ethyl laurate and artemisia triene,among which the highest relative content wasα-santalol.While main chemical components of Sp.africana Sond were 2-camphene,1h-cyclopentene and[b]quinoline-9-amine,2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydrohydride-,vitamin A and androstenedione,in which the relative content of vitamin A was the highest.The FT-IR test showed that S.album Linn and Sp.africana Sond had significant differences in the range of 600-1000 cm-1,and the absorption peaks of S.album Linn were not obvious at 891-899 and 663-669 cm-1,while Sp.africana Sond had obvious absorption peaks at both places.S.album Linn did not show a peak representing cellulose at 748 cm-1 while Sp.africana Sond had a small peak here.
作者
许沁
邱相声
张媛
张耀丽
XU Qin;QIU Xiangsheng;ZHANG Yuan;ZHANG Yaoli(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)
出处
《林业工程学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期31-38,共8页
Journal of Forestry Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划(2021YFF0601205)。
