摘要
日常检测工作中茄果类蔬菜中镉含量较高,有超标风险。为了解茄果类蔬菜中镉的污染特征,本文选择番茄、茄子、辣椒和小米辣4种典型茄果蔬菜作为实验对象,将样品分部位制备成籽样品、无籽样品、混合样品3种类型,采用微波消解进行样品前处理,石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪测定样品中镉的含量,同时将豆类蔬菜作为对照组。实验表明,茄果类蔬菜样品中镉的含量水平均高于对照组豆类蔬菜,且茄果类蔬菜镉含量在0.01600~0.09400 mg·kg^(-1),豆科蔬菜镉含量在0.00072~0.00590 mg·kg^(-1)。茄果类蔬菜中镉污染富集于籽样部分,除番茄外,籽样中镉含量均远高于无籽部分含量,其中小米辣籽样镉含量为0.5600 mg·kg^(-1)、辣椒籽样为0.3200 mg·kg^(-1)、茄子籽样为0.1200 mg·kg^(-1),且均远高于国家标准限量要求0.05 mg·kg^(-1)。同时,选择番茄、茄子、辣椒、小米辣4种蔬菜各20份样品中镉的实验数据,对茄果类蔬菜中镉的污染指数进行风险评价。数据表明,茄果类蔬菜中番茄、辣椒中镉的综合污染指数较低,属于安全型,风险较低;茄子、小米辣中镉的综合污染指数在1.0~2.0,属于轻度污染类型,具有一定安全风险。
The content of cadmium in solanaceous vegetables is high,which often has the risk of exceeding the standard.In order to understand the characteristics of cadmium pollution in solanaceae vegetables,four typical solanaceae vegetables,tomato,eggplant,pepper and Capsicum frutescens,were selected as experimental objects,the samples were separated into three types:seeded,seedless and mixed.microwave digestion was used to pre-treat the samples.The content of cadmium in the samples was determined by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy meter,at the same time,the legumes were taken as the control group.The experiment showed that the cadmium content levels in the solanaceae vegetables samples were higher than those in the control group leguminous vegetables,and the solanaceae vegetables content ranged from 0.01600 mg·kg^(-1) to 0.09400 mg·kg^(-1),while leguminous vegetables content ranged from 0.00072 mg·kg^(-1) to 0.00590 mg·kg^(-1).Cadmium pollution in solanaceous vegetables is concentrated in the seed sample.Except for tomatoes,the cadmium content in the seed sample is much higher than that in the seedless part.The cadmium content in the Capsicum frutescens seed sample is 0.5600 mg·kg^(-1),the chili seed sample is 0.3200 mg·kg^(-1),and the eggplant seed sample is 0.1200 mg·kg^(-1),all of which are far higher than the national standard limit of 0.05 mg·kg^(-1).At the same time,the experimental data of cadmium in 20 samples of tomato,eggplant,chili,and Capsicum frutescens were selected to conduct a risk assessment of cadmium pollution index in solanaceae vegetables.The data shows that the comprehensive pollution index of cadmium in tomatoes and chili peppers in solanaceae vegetables is low,belonging to the safe type and with low risk;The comprehensive pollution index of cadmium in eggplant and Capsicum frutescens is between 1.0 and 2.0,which belongs to the mild pollution type and has a certain safety risk.
作者
吴建伟
刘静
余珊丹
侯灿如
朱叶梅
李林川
陶自伟
WU Jianwei;LIU Jing;YU Shandan;HOU Canru;ZHU Yemei;LI Linchuan;TAO Ziwei(Yunnan Tongchuang Testing Technology Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650106,China;Yunnan Yunshuo Technology Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650201,China)
出处
《现代食品》
2024年第3期212-217,共6页
Modern Food
基金
云南同创检测技术股份有限公司内部科技项目“云南特色农产品质量安全评价及快速检测技术应用研究”(TC202201)。
关键词
镉
茄科蔬菜
茄子
辣椒
污染特征
风险评价
cadmium
solanaceae vegetables
eggplant
pepper
pollution characteristics
risk evaluation
