摘要
原料乳中嗜冷菌超标会产生较高水平的耐热蛋白酶和脂肪酶,这两种酶是导致产品进入货架期后出现质量问题的重要原因。为探究牧场奶牛生活环境以及原料乳在流转过程中不同环节的微生物多样性,找出牧场中嗜冷菌的污染来源,本研究选取河北地区某规模化奶牛养殖场,采集TMR饲料、牛舍垫土、头三把奶、头三把奶之后的常规乳以及储奶罐中的原料乳等样品,利用宏基因组测序技术对所有样品的菌群结构、嗜冷菌种类及丰度进行分析。结果表明:在门水平上,主要微生物为变形菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门,在属水平上主要是无形体属、链球菌属、肠球菌属、短螺菌属、芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌。此外对样品中的关键嗜冷菌(假单胞菌)进行分析,牛舍垫土的多样性最丰富的,包含了牧场中常规乳及储奶罐中乳假单胞菌种类的99.63%和96.39%,说明牛舍垫土是各类假单胞菌潜在的污染源。
Excessive psychrophilic bacteria in raw milk can produce high levels of heat-stable protease and lipase,both of which are important causes of quality problems when cow's milk enters the shelf life.In order to explore the microbial diversity of cows'living environment in pasture and different stages in the raw milk circulation process,the pollution source of psychrophilic bacteria in the pasture was found out.In this study,we collected five samples in a large-scale dairy farm in Hebei Province:TMR feed,cowshed pad soil,the first three milks,the normal milk after the first three milks,and the raw milk in the milk tank,and analyzed the bacterial community structure,psychrophilic species,abundance of psychrophilic bacteria in all samples by using metagenomic shotgun sequencing technology.The results showed that the mainly microbial were Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,and Actinobacteria at phylum level.At the genus level,the main genera were Anaplasma,Streptococcus,Enterococci,Spirospirita,Bacillus,and Pseudomonas.The soil of the barn contains 99.63%and 96.39%of the species of Pseudomonas in the normal milk and the total milk of the pasture storage tank,indicating that the soil of the barn mat is a potential source of pollution of various types of Pseudomonas.
作者
胡少震
逯刚
喻东威
吕加平
张书文
李莲瑞
逄晓阳
Hu Shaozhen;Lu Gang;Yu Dongwei;LüJiaping;Zhang Shuwen;Li Lianrui;Pang Xiaoyang(College of Life Sciences and Technology,Tarim University,Alaer 843300,Xinjiang;Institute of Food Science and Technology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193;Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy(Group)Limited by Share Ltd,Hohhot 011517)
出处
《中国食品学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期258-267,共10页
Journal of Chinese Institute Of Food Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32172190,31871833)
呼和浩特市科技计划项目(2021-农-重-1)。
关键词
宏基因组测序技术
微生物多样性
嗜冷菌
假单胞菌
污染来源
metagenomic shotgun sequencing technology
microbial diversity
psychrophilic bacteria
Pseudomonas
sources of pollution
