摘要
【目的】专业村作为乡村振兴的重要推动力,近年来却面临着人口收缩的困境。人口是影响专业村发展的关键力量,有必要深入探究其收缩的时空特征和影响因素。【方法】利用人口收缩模型探究2008—2017年河南省50个专业村人口收缩的时空特征,使用地理探测器识别人口收缩的空间影响因素。【结果】①2008—2017年,河南省严重收缩型和未收缩型的专业村分别占专业村总数的42%和46%,人口变化的极化特征显著;劳动力收缩严重的专业村类型依次是工业型、农业型和服务业型专业村。②专业村人口收缩的空间近邻效应显著,空间分布上具有核心—边缘特征,收缩程度由豫中向周围区域逐渐减弱;工业型和农业型专业村人口收缩分布在豫中郑州周围区域,服务业型专业村人口收缩主要分布在豫东边界地带。③生活条件、产业发展水平、发展基础是专业村人口收缩空间格局形成的关键影响因素。河南省专业村人口收缩空间格局是在村民生活条件的基础之上,由医疗供给水平、教育发展水平等基本公共服务条件和产业、交通发展等专业村发展条件的直接作用与村庄生态环境、资源状况等间接作用产生的结果。【结论】不同类型专业村人口收缩差异较大,形成机理较为复杂。改善村内基础条件,扩大专业化生产规模,提高村民的人均收入是缓解专业村人口收缩状况的关键。本文针对不同类型专业村提出了差别化缓解策略,对增强专业村人口吸附力、延长生命周期具有重要意义。
[Objective]Specialized villages,as an important driving force for rural revitalization,have encountered the challenge of population shrinkage in recent years.Given that population plays a crucial role in influencing the development of specialized villages,it is necessary to thoroughly investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of population shrinkage and the influencing factors.[Methods]The population shrinkage model was used to explore the spatiotemporal characteristics of population shrinkage in 50 specialized villages in Henan Province from 2008 to 2017,and geographic detectors were used to identify the spatial influences on specialized village population shrinkage.[Results](1)From 2008 to 2017,severely shrinking and non-shrinking specialized villages in Henan Province accounted for 42%and 46%of the total number of specialized villages respectively,and the polarization characteristics of population changes were significant;and the types of specialized villages with severe labor force shrinkage are,in descending order,industrial type,agricultural type,and service type.(2)The spatial proximity effect of the population shrinkage of specialized villages is significant,the spatial distribution shows coreperiphery characteristics,and the degree of shrinkage gradually weakened from the central part of the province to the surrounding areas;industrial-type and agricultural-type specialized villages with population shrinkage are distributed in the central part of Henan Province in the areas around Zhengzhou,but the service-type specialized villages with population shrinkage are mainly distributed in the border area of eastern Henan Province.(3)Living conditions,industrial development level,and development foundation are the critical factors for the formation of the spatial pattern of population shrinkage in specialized villages.The spatial pattern of population shrinkage in specialized villages in Henan Province is the result of the direct effect of basic public service conditions such as medical service provision level and education development level,and development conditions of specialized villages such as industry and transportation development,and the indirect effect of the ecological environment of the villages and the condition of resources on top of the living conditions of the residents.[Conclusion]Population shrinkage varies greatly among different types of specialized villages,the formation mechanism is more complex.Improving the basic conditions of villages,expanding the scale of specialized production and raising the per capita income of residents are the keys to easing the population shrinkage of specialized villages.This article proposed differentiated mitigation strategies for different types of specialized villages,which are of great significance for enhancing the attraction for population of specialized villages and prolonging their lives.
作者
王争磊
乔家君
朱乾坤
肖杰
王改艳
薛岩欣
WANG Zhenglei;QIAO Jiajun;ZHU Qiankun;XIAO Jie;WANG Gaiyan;XUE Yanxin(College of Geography and Environmental Science,Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,China;School of Geographical Sciences,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan 030000,China;School of Cultural and Tourism,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,China)
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期352-367,共16页
Resources Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42371223,42071220)。
关键词
专业村
人口收缩
时空特征
地理探测器
河南省
specialized villages
population shrinkage
spatiotemporal characteristics
geographic detector
Henan Province
