摘要
“辞”是“司”的后起分化字。西周青铜铭文中“辞”与法律诉讼有关,本义为“讼辞”。东周“辞”引申出普通言辞的意义,孔子提出“修辞”概念,诸子共同建构了修辞伦理、修辞技艺和文体三位一体的修辞学说。修辞学术以语言为中心探索了怎样思考、如何表达的问题,具有很强的工具性。“辞”成为一个跨界语言学、逻辑学、修辞学、文体学的重要范畴,被提升到理论层面予以反思和研究。这是中国写作理论元范畴“关键的一跳”。秦汉以来“言文分离”,随着诗文书写日益发展,表意单位为篇章且基于书面文辞的“辞章”概念产生。先秦修辞学演化为汉魏六朝辞章学,后者追求作品的辞藻、辞趣,偏向语言风格旨趣,窄化了写作学范围。如何赓续传统,继往开来,推进全球视域下21世纪中国写作学术的繁荣与发展,由“辞”进入,当能另辟蹊径。
“Ci”(辞)is a derivative character of“Si”(司)in Chinese writing theory.In the bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty,“Ci”was associated with law and litigation,originally referring to“litigation speeches”.During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty,“Ci”extended its meaning to encompass ordinary speech.Confucius proposed the concept of“Xiuci”(修辞rhetoric),while various scholars collectively constructed a comprehensive rhetoric theory consisting of rhetorical ethics,rhetorical skills,and literary styles.Rhetoric,as an academic discipline,focuses on the exploration of how to think and express ideas,possessing strong instrumental value.“Ci”has become an important category that transcends the boundaries of linguistics,logic,rhetoric,and stylistics,and has been elevated to a theoretical level of reflection and research.It represents a significant leap in Chinese writing theory.Since the Qin and Han dynasties,there has been a separation between spoken and written language.As poetry and prose writing developed,the concept of“Cizhang”(辞章literary compositions)emerged,which emphasized written texts as units of expression.Pre-Qin rhetoric evolved into the study of“Cizhang”during the Han,Wei,and Six Dynasties,with a focus on the rhetoric and literary charm of works,narrowing the scope of writing theory to language style and artistic intention.To continue the tradition,forge ahead,and promote the prosperity and development of Chinese writing theory in the global context in 21st century,it is necessary to explore new paths by incorporating the concept of“Ci”.
作者
戴红贤
Dai Hongxian(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China)
出处
《长江学术》
CSSCI
2024年第2期55-66,共12页
Yangtze River Academic
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“基于出土文献的《墨子》与诸子散文新变研究”(19BZW053)。
关键词
辞
讼辞
修辞
辞章
文章写作学
"Ci"(辞)
Litigation Speeches
Rhetoric
"Cizhang"(辞章)
Writing Theory
