摘要
量子科技的发展多年来得到了光电技术的有力支撑,笔者团队由此进行了一系列光电量子器件的研究和开发。为在光纤量子通信中实现单光子信号的按需产生,笔者设计了几种微纳柱型光腔-量子点单光子源;发展了频分复用技术,研制了高纯度、高全同的宣布式单光子源;利用GaN缺陷的单光子特性,制备了室温量子随机数发生器。笔者优化周期极化铌酸锂的级联波导结构设计,大幅提升了通信波段量子纠缠光源性能,使保真度高于97%,噪声特性提高10倍;设计和制备Si3N4微环腔纠缠源器件,实现了99%的干涉可见度,展示了芯片集成量子光源的技术可行性;应用所制备的纠缠光源,实现了数十千米光纤基量子密钥分发和量子隐形传态。笔者发展了单光子探测器制造工程,研制了用于太阳光谱量子测量的低噪声高速雪崩单光子探测器和用于量子成像的128×32及以上规模的雪崩焦平面单光子探测器。笔者制备了光纤基量子存储器,实现了1 650个光子模式的有效存储;研究了光机械量子器件的原理机制,探索了纳米光机电系统用于量子精密测量的技术前景。希望以上综述为未来量子信息网络的发展提供研究参考和技术储备。
Significance Quantum information science has now attracted significant attention,since it has been well proved and is believed to support quantum computation,quantum communication and quantum metrology in the near future.Characteristics of quantum states have opened the opportunities to accomplish tasks beyond classical limits,resulting in a frontier field of quantum technologies.Among them,quantum computation technology can accelerate the speed of computers exponentially with respect to the classical machine.Quantum communication technology guarantees completely secure communication,and quantum measurement technology can greatly optimize the sensitivity and/or resolution of many instruments.These potential accomplishments have led to the development of innovative and advanced applications in various fields,and therefore people are presently struggling to construct efficient quantum information systems and quantum networks.To realize practical quantum information systems and quantum networks,fundamental devices must be firstly well developed.The successful fabrication of superconductor quantum circuit chips led to an achievement of constructing quantum computer consists of 127 qubits.Realization of more general quantum computers needs much larger scaled,more robust,more quantum logic circuit chip consisting of probably superconductors,cold atoms,semiconductors,photonic crystals etc.The primary obstacles in establishing a quantum network involve the distribution of entangled qubits among nodes that are physically distant from each other,which needs high-performance entangled photon source and quantum memory.Among various types of quantum devices,optoelectronic devices play a key and central role,since the advanced microelectronic,optical and optoelectronic platforms enable fabricating the building blocks for most of the quantum information processing systems.Technologies based on optoelectronics have the potential to realize a complete product chain in the field of quantum information.This work shows the study or fabrication of optoelectronic quantum devices including single photon sources,photon entanglers,single photon detectors,quantum memories and opto-electro-mechanical sensors.Progress Single photon emitters refer to the light sources that release light in the form of individual particles or photons.Single photon emitters are the fundamental devices for quantum communication.They are also well used in quantum detection and photonic quantum computation.In this direction,we have studied single photon emitters based on quantum dot(Fig.1),heralded single-photon sources(Fig.2-3),and a quantum random number generator(Fig.4).Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon that arises when a collection of particles is created,interact,or exist in close proximity to each other in such a manner that the individual quantum states of each particle cannot be figured out independently from the states of the others,even if these particles are widely separated.As a fundamental resource,quantum entangled light sources are widely used in quantum information processing.We have made a comprehensive study on the performance improvement(Fig.5-7),chip integration(Fig.8)and application(Fig.9-10)of entangled photon sources.A single photon detector is a photodetector which can respond to incident light signal as weak as one single photon.Single photon detectors play a widespread role in the field of quantum information processing since they serve as key devices for,e.g.,readout in quantum computing,receiving in quantum communication and photon measurement in quantum metrology.This research is focused on specially designed single photon avalanche detectors(Fig.11),focal-plane single photon avalanche detectors(Fig.12),and negative feedback avalanche diodes(Fig.12).Moreover,we have proposed fiber Bragg grating sensing system by utilizing single photon detectors(Fig.13).In addition to the optoelectronic devices described above,we have also conducted abundant research on fiber-based quantum memory(Fig.14),optomechanical quantum device(Fig.15)and nano-opto-electro-mechanical system(Fig.16).All our studies will impact on the application of quantum technologies.Conclusions and Prospects In order to realize practical quantum systems in the future,our group have made efforts to create and investigate quantum devices by using optoelectronic techniques.QD-embedded nanocavities were designed to improve the efficiency of and to realize on-demand single photon emitters.Spectral multiplexing technique enabled the fabrication of a heralded single photon source with high purity and speed,approaching ondemand single photon emitting.A quantum random number generator working at room temperature was constructed based on single photon emitting from defects in commercial GaN material.Applying cascaded second-order nonlinear optical process in PPLN waveguides,we developed an entangled photon emitter with fidelity of 97%and noise level nearly 10 times better.Chip-integrated photon entangler with visibility of over99%was established by fabricating Si3N4 micro-rings via micro/nano-processing.Readout circuits were optimized to help fabricating high quality SPAD devices,and SPAD focal plane devices were improved to128×32 array for single photon and quantum imaging.A quantum memory was achieved to simultaneously store 1650single photons at low temperatures,and a few opto-electro-mechanical devices were experimentally tried to obtain quantum-level measurement ability for minor quantities.Our studies might be a step forward to the realization of practical quantum information networks.
作者
宋海智
张子昌
周强
邓光伟
代千
王浟
Song Haizhi;Zhang Zichang;Zhou Qiang;Deng Guangwei;Dai Qian;Wang You(Quantum Research Center,Southwest Institute of Technical Physics,Chengdu 610046,China;Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 611731,China;Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Laser,Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130013,China)
出处
《红外与激光工程》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期1-16,共16页
Infrared and Laser Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFA0307400,2018YFA0306102,2019YFB2203400,2021YFA0718803)
四川省科技计划项目(2020YFSY466,2021YFSY0063,2021YFSY0062,2021YFSY0064,2021YFSY0065,2021YFSY0066,2022YFSY0061,2022YFSY0062,2022YFSY0063)
国家自然科学基金项目(U19A2076,62005039)
量子科学技术创新计划(2021ZD0301702)。
关键词
光电子学
量子器件
量子信息
单光子
量子纠缠
量子网络
optoelectronics
quantum device
quantum information
single photon
quantum entanglement
quantum network