摘要
户籍制度,即与户籍或户口登记、管理相关的一套政治、经济、社会及法律制度,是中国最重要的人口管理制度。户籍制度不仅对中国的劳动力流动趋向、城镇化进程、城乡区域发展差距、社会阶层分割等宏观经济社会发展格局产生重要影响,而且影响微观个体的教育、医疗、社会保障、就业、收入甚至是婚姻等方方面面。新中国成立初期,基于稳定国内公共秩序、发展重工业等需要,我国建立了户籍制度,并在1959—1978年得到巩固与发展,导致城乡二元分割与逆城镇化。改革开放以后,以市场化为导向的经济体制改革引致了大规模的人口流动,由此开始倒逼户籍制度进行改革。2000年以后,随着城镇化快速推进,户籍制度改革力度逐步加大,在小城镇户籍制度改革取得突破性进展情况下,中央政府将户籍制度改革权力下放,鼓励大中型城市进行自主探索。2012年以后,基于公平与正义的考量,中国政府开始将“农业转移人口市民化”作为户籍制度改革的重点任务,实施以人为核心的新型城镇化战略,不断加大户籍制度改革力度。
The household registration system,that is,a set of political,economic,social and legal systems related to registered residence and management,is the most important population management system in China.The household registration system not only has an important impact on China’s macro-economic and social development patterns,such as the trend of labor mobility,the process of urbanization,the development gap between urban and rural areas,and the division of social strata,but also affects the education,medical care,social security,employment,income,and even marriage of micro individuals.At the beginning of the founding of the new China,based on the needs of stabilizing domestic public order and developing heavy industry,the Chinese government established the household registration system,which was consolidated and developed during 1959-1978,resulting in urban-rural dual division and anti-urbanization.After the reform and opening up,the market-oriented economic system reform led to a large-scale population flow,which began to force the reform of the household registration system.With the rapid advancement of urbanization after 2000,the reform of the household registration system has gradually increased.With the breakthrough progress made in the reform of the household registration system in small towns,the central government has encouraged large and medium-sized cities to conduct exploration according to their own actual conditions.After 2012,based on the considerations of fairness and justice,the Chinese government began to take the"citizenization of agricultural transfer population"as the priority task of the reform of the household registration system,implemented the new urbanization strategy with people at the core,and constantly made greater efforts in the reform of the household registration system.
作者
年猛
NIAN Meng(Rural Development Institute,CASS,Beijing 100732,China)
出处
《经济论坛》
2024年第4期52-60,共9页
Economic Forum
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“户籍制度改革与中国城市规模体系优化研究”(17CJL023)
国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国城乡关系变迁史研究(1840-2020)”(23VLS014)。
关键词
户籍制度
改革
演变脉络
Household registration system
Reform
Evolution
