摘要
环境DNA(eDNA)技术作为新兴生物多样性监测方法,具有非侵入性、高效性及灵敏性的特点.为探究基于宏基因组测序的eDNA技术对喀斯特湖泊硅藻监测的适用性,以贵州草海为例,采集草海湖滨带的水样及表层沉积物样品,运用宏基因组学与eDNA相结合的方法,分析浮游及沉积硅藻的群落组成、生物多样性及KEGG代谢功能.结果表明:①草海硅藻群落共注释到4纲23目36科54属78种,在科分类阶元上以舟形藻科和海链藻科为优势类群.硅藻群落的Chao1指数平均值为42.88±15.35,Shannon-Wiener指数平均值为2.09±0.29.②硅藻群落KEGG通路功能最具代表性的是全局和概述图谱(global and overview maps),其次是能量代谢、翻译;优势KO基因主要为atpF基因、secA基因、rplT基因、rpoA基因、argH基因.③主坐标分析(PCoA)和相似性分析(ANOSIM)表明硅藻群落存在显著的环境介质差异;LEfSe分析揭示浮游硅藻群落的差异标志物主要为海链藻属(Thalassiosira)、小环藻属(Cyclotella),沉积硅藻主要是管状藻属(Fistulifera)、褐指藻属(Phaeodactylum)、微壳藻属(Nanofrustulum)等;Wilcoxon秩和检验表明,浮游硅藻的差异基因集中在叶酸生物合成通路、嘧啶代谢,沉积硅藻的差异基因集中在光合作用、氧化磷酸化等代谢功能.研究显示,高灵敏性的eDNA宏基因组技术能有效描述草海湖泊硅藻群落及多样性,在喀斯特湖泊生物多样性监测及水生态环境健康评估具有广阔的应用前景.
The emerging technology of environmental DNA(eDNA)has significant advantages for biodiversity monitoring,including noninvasiveness,high efficiency,and sensitivity.To assess the adaptability of eDNA technology based on metagenomic sequencing for diatom monitoring in karst lakes,water samples and surface sediment samples were collected from the lakeside zone of Caohai in Guizhou Province,and the community composition,biodiversity and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway of planktic and sedimentary diatoms were analyzed by combining metagenomics with eDNA.The results showed that:(1)The Bacillariophyta in Caohai wetland consisted of 4 classes,23 orders,36 families,54 genera,and 78 species.In terms of the taxonomic family,Naviculaceae and Thalassiosiraceae were identified as the dominant groups.The average Chao1 index of the diatom community was determined to be 42.88±15.35,and the average Shannon-Wiener index was 2.09±0.29.(2)The global and overview maps were found to be the most representative functions among the KEGG pathway analyzed,followed by energy metabolism and translation pathways.The dominant KO genes included the atpF gene,secA gene,rplT gene,rpoA gene,and argH gene.(3)Principal coordinate analysis(PCoA)along with analysis of similarities(ANOSIM)revealed significant differences between environmental media(water and surface sediment)in terms of diatom communities.The Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size(LEfSe)analysis revealed that the different biomarkers characterized planktonic diatom communities mainly by Thalassiosira and Cyclotella,while the sedimentary diatoms were primarily represented by Fistulifera,Phaeodactylum,and Nanofrustulum.Wilcoxon rank-sum test showed that the differential genes of planktic diatoms were concentrated in the folate biosynthesis pathway and pyrimidine metabolism,while those of sedimentary diatoms were concentrated in photosynthesis,oxidative phosphorylation,and other metabolic functions.The research indicates that highly sensitive eDNA metagenomic technology can effectively describe the diatom biodiversity in Caohai Lake,thereby demonstrating its significant potential for application in lake biodiversity monitoring and water ecological environmental health assessment.
作者
郭金
蒋娟
龙云川
代亮亮
苏荣翔
陈颜明
GUO Jin;JIANG Juan;LONG Yunchuan;DAI Liangliang;SU Rongxiang;CHEN Yanming(Guizhou Institute of Biology,Guizhou Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550009,China;Caohai Ecological Research Station,Guizhou Academy of Sciences,Weining 553100,China;Management Committee of Guizhou Caohai National Nature Reserve,Weining 553100,China)
出处
《环境科学研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期1027-1036,共10页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(No.32360036)
贵州省基础研究计划项目(黔科合基础ZK[2023]一般233)
贵州科学院博士科研启动项目(黔科院R字[2023]02号)。
关键词
硅藻群落
高原湿地
宏基因组
环境DNA
diatom community
plateau wetland
metagenomics
environmental DNA
