摘要
目的探讨不同供氧浓度对生物质固废好氧堆肥化处理过程的影响机制,以掌握适用于未来地外星球基地受控生态生保系统(CELSS)固废资源化处理的供氧参数,提高氧气利用率。方法利用自研的固废生物反应器试验系统,以小麦秸秆和模拟粪便为处理对象,开展10%、15%和21%三种供氧浓度的好氧堆肥化处理实验,定期采样并分析处理过程中的气体组分(O_(2)、NH_(3)、CH_(4)和N_(2)O)及物料腐熟度(含水率、溶解性有机碳、NH_(4)^(+)-N和种子发芽指数)。结果15%O_(2)处理组耗氧量最大,NH_(3)和N_(2)O排放量最小,溶解性有机碳含量降解效果最好,NH_(4)^(+)-N含量较高;3个处理组中CH_(4)排放均处于较低水平。堆肥结束时,10%O_(2)和15%O_(2)处理组的产品含水率均大于74%,保水性最好,各处理组的种子发芽指数分别达到86.64%、123.81%和97.98%。结论与10%和21%供氧浓度相比,15%供氧浓度有效减少了NH_(3)和N_(2)O的排放,且拥有良好的保氮、保水和溶解有机碳降解效果,腐熟度更高。
Objective To investigate the mechanism of influence of different oxygen concentrations on the composting process of solid biomass waste to determine the optimal oxygen parameters for future controlled ecological life support system(CELSS)solid waste treatment on extraterrestrial planet bases and enhance oxygen utilization efficiency.Methods Using the self-developed solid waste bioreactor test system,aerobic composting experiments were conducted on wheat straw and simulated manure with three different oxygen concentrations of 10%,15%,and 21%.Gas components(O_(2),NH_(3),CH_(4),and N_(2)O)and material maturity indicators(moisture content,dissolved organic carbon,NH_(4)^(+)-N,and seed germination index)were regularly analyzed throughout the treatment process.Results The 15%O_(2)treatment group had the highest oxygen consumption,the lowest emissions of NH_(3)and N_(2)O,the best degradation effect of dissolved organic carbon content and the higher NH_(4)^(+)-N content.CH_(4)emissions in the three treatment groups were all at a low level.At the end of composting,the moisture content of the products in the 10%O_(2)and 15%O_(2)treatment groups was all higher than 74%,and the water-holding capacity was the best.The seed germination indexes in the 3 treatment group were 86.64%,123.81%,and 97.98%,respectively.Conclusion Com pared to oxygen concentrations of 10%and 21%,the 15%oxygen concentration can effectively reduce the emission of NH_(3)and N_(2)O.It also improves nitrogen and water retention,enhances dissolved organic carbon degradation effects,and results in higher maturity levels.
作者
汪震
艾为党
方浩强
吴浩
纪运杰
田凯勋
Wang Zhen;Ai Weidang;Fang Haoqiang;Wu Hao;Ji Yunjie;Tian Kaixun(National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering,China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China;College of Environment and Resources,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,China)
出处
《航天医学与医学工程》
CAS
2024年第1期1-7,共7页
Space Medicine & Medical Engineering
基金
人因工程全国重点实验室基金资助项目(614222210022210)。
关键词
受控生态生保系统
生物质固废
好氧堆肥
供氧浓度
小麦秸秆
controlled ecological life support system
biomass solid waste
aerobic composting
oxygen concentration
wheat straw
