摘要
噪声是工作场所较常见的职业病危害因素,长期接触高强度噪声主要造成职业性噪声性听力损失(ONIHL)。噪声性听力损失的发展具有不可逆性,尚未有治愈的方法。目前以噪声接触强度为评估依据的风险评估方法主要有风险指数评估法、英国工程专业理事会(EDC)评估法、美国国家职业安全与卫生研究院(NIOSH)评估法与国际标准化组织(ISO)评估法。但风险指数评估法带有一定主观性且未考虑工人佩戴个人防护装备的有效性;英国EDC评估法对ONIHL的定义与我国不一致;美国NIOSH评估法和ISO评估法的人群数据源与我国存在偏差,可导致风险评估的偏差。未来应继续深入开展我国噪声作业人员ONIHL的发生风险评估的应用研究,比较各种评估方法的适用性,开展大样本人群流行病学研究验证,以充分发挥风险预测功能,达到防治ONIHL的目的。
Noise is a common occupational hazard in workplaces.Long-term exposure to high-intensity noise mainly causes occupational noise-induced hearing loss(ONIHL).The development of ONIHL is irreversible,and there is currently no cure.At present,risk assessment methods based on noise exposure intensities mainly include risk index assessment method,Engineering Professional Council assessment method in United Kingdom(EDC assessment method in UK),National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health assessment method in United State(NIOSH assessment method in US),and International Standardization Organization assessment method(ISO assessment method).However,the risk index assessment method is subjective and does not consider the effectiveness of workers wearing protective equipment.The EDC assessment method in UK defines ONIHL differently from China.The NIOSH assessment method in US and ISO assessment methods have population data sources that deviate from China,which can lead to bias in risk assessment.In the future,it is necessary to further carry out application research on the risk assessment of ONIHL in Chinese noise-exposed workers,compare the applicabilities of various assessment methods,conduct large-sample population epidemiological studies for verification,and fully utilize the riskprediction function to prevent and control ONIHL.
作者
钟喜
苏世标
张丹英
黄启帆
严登峰
傅绍杰
ZHONG Xi;SU Shibiao;ZHANG Danying;HUANG Qifan;YAN Dengfeng;FU Shaojie(Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510300,China;不详)
出处
《中国职业医学》
CAS
2024年第1期111-115,共5页
China Occupational Medicine
基金
国家标准体系建设项目(131031109000160004)
广东省职业健康工程技术研究中心(D:2019A069)
广东省中医药局中医药科研项目(20221061)
广州市科技计划项目(202103000012)。
关键词
噪声
听力损失
风险评估
方法
Noise
Hearing loss
Risk assessment
Method
