摘要
目的:分析山西籍个别正常(牙合)上前牙正面观美学指标,探讨性别、年龄、牙形、面形对牙齿美学指标的影响,为上前牙美学修复设计提供参考。方法:2022年10月~2023年6月于山西省人民医院体检中心选取20~59岁个别正常(牙合)受试者322例,以10岁为组距,按照年龄等距分为4个年龄组,拍摄其息止颌位正面像与前牙列正面咬合照,观测并记录面形分类与上中切牙形态分类,使用图像处理软件测量上前牙宽度、长度、上中切牙与侧切牙及尖牙间切缘台阶,并计算上中切牙宽长比、上前牙宽度比,分析各测量项目的性别差异与组间差异。结果:男性的W1/L1[0.83(0.10)]显著小于女性[0.86(0.10)](P<0.05)。两性上中切牙形态构成比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同形态天然上中切牙的宽长比不同[尖圆形、卵圆形、方圆形分别为0.78(0.07)、0.84(0.06)、0.90(0.08)](P<0.001)。40~49岁组的L1[(10.21±0.85) mm]显著大于20~29岁组[(9.84±0.76)mm]与30~39岁组[(9.87±1.01)mm](P<0.05)。女性的上中切牙与侧切牙间切缘台阶、上中切牙与尖牙间切缘台阶[分别为0.92(0.60)、1.32(1.00)mm]均显著大于男性[分别为0.80(0.60)、1.08(1.50)mm](P<0.05)。上中切牙与侧切牙间的切缘台阶从尖圆面形、卵圆面形到方圆面形逐渐减小[分别为1.33(0.38)、0.81(0.23)、0.43(0.95)mm](P<0.001)。关于上中切牙与尖牙间的切缘台阶,尖圆面形最大,其次是卵圆形和方圆形[分别为1.81(0.84)、1.17(0.87)、0.56(0.88)mm](P<0.001)。结论:前牙美学设计时需考虑性别差异的影响,但上中切牙宽长比的两性差异与牙齿形态无关;40~49岁个别正常上中切牙临床冠长度较20~29岁与30~39岁显著增加;前牙切缘台阶的设计应考虑性别差异及面形的影响。
Objective:To analyze the frontal aesthetic index of maxillary anterior teeth among individual normal occlusion in Shanxi province,and to explore the influence of gender,age,tooth form and face shape on the smile characteristics.Methods:A total of 322 participants with normal occlusion were recruited in this study from October 2022 to June 2023 in the Medical Examination Center,Affiliated Peoples Hospital,Shanxi Medical University.Participants were divided into 4 different age groups according to a class interval width of 10 years.Frontal images during their rest jaw position and standardized photographs of the maxillary anterior tooth were taken.Then the participantsclassifications of facial shape and tooth form were recognized and recorded.The perceived size of the maxillary anterior teeth and the incisal steps between central incisors and lateral incisors or canines were measured by Image J software,then the width-length ratio(W/L)of the maxillary central incisor and the width ratio(W/W)of adjacent maxillary anterior teeth were calculated.Then different statistical methods were used to analyze the above issues.Results:W1/L1 was significantly lower in men[0.83(0.10)]than that in women[0.86(0.10)](P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the composition ratio of tooth form between genders(P>0.05),and the W/L among tapered,ovoid,and square tooth form was different significantly[0.78(0.07),0.84(0.06),and 0.90(0.08),respectively](P<0.001).Comparison between age groups showed that L1 was significantly higher in the 40-49 years old group[(10.21±0.85)mm]than that in the 20-29 years old group[(9.84±0.76)mm]and the 30-39 years old group[(9.84±0.76)mm](P<0.05).The incisal steps between maxillary central and lateral incisors or between maxillary central incisors and canines in women[0.92(0.60)and 1.32(1.00)mm,respectively]were significantly higher than those in men[0.80(0.60)and 1.08(1.50)mm,respectively](P<0.05).The incisal steps between maxillary central and lateral incisors decreased gradually from the tapered face to the ovoid face and from the ovoid face to the square face[1.33(0.38)、0.81(0.23)、0.43(0.95)mm,respectively].For the incisal steps between maxillary central incisors and canines,the tapered face had the maximum incisal steps,followed by the ovoid and square faces[1.81(0.84)、1.17(0.87)、0.56(0.88)mm,respectively].Conclusion:The effect of gender difference needs to be considered in anterior aesthetic design,but the gender difference in the W/L ratio of maxillary anterior incisor are not related to different tooth forms.The perceived length of maxillary central incisor in normal occlusion aged 40-49 was significantly higher than that in aged 20-29 or 30-39.Gender differences and the influence of face shape type should be considered in the design of anterior incisal steps.
作者
王景
李风兰
杨红霞
李立美
WANG Jing;LI Feng-lan;YANG Hong-xia;LI Li-mei(Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Sto-matology,Taiyuan 030001,China;Department of Prosthodontics,the Fifth Clinical Medical College,Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China)
出处
《口腔颌面修复学杂志》
2024年第3期180-186,共7页
Chinese Journal of Prosthodontics
关键词
牙齿美学
美学比例
切缘台阶
牙齿形态
牙修复体设计
dental
esthetics,esthetic proportions
incisal steps
tooth shape
dental prosthesis design
