摘要
法律和技术的互动关系始终是现代法学研究的核心内容,特别是在人工智能技术领域,风险预防和控制已经成为重要的研究路径。然而,这种风险预防导向的治理范式在科技创新促进方面的作用存在局限性,仅能在技术应用违法性层面提供明确指引,避免科技创新发生方向偏差,无法直接作用于科技创新活动本身。而结合早年的科技法学研究来看,市场激励的治理范式能够有效在人才、资金、成果等创新要素层面促进创新。但是市场激励范式存在市场失灵等问题,可能降低创新主体的创新动力。纵观科技创新的社会实践发展,科技创新本身属于一个复杂性工程,单一的治理范式并不能有效推动人工智能技术创新,而需要采取“风险预防-市场激励-创新资源保障”的综合治理范式。同时,还需要在立法层面实现从“技术安全法”到“促进技术创新”的重心转变,建构基于综合治理范式的“人工智能技术促进法”。
The interaction between law and technology has always been the core content of modern law research,especially in the field of AI technology,the prevention and control of safety risks has become a vital research path.However,the risk preventionoriented governance paradigm has limitations in the promotion of scientific and technological innovation,and can only provide clear guidelines at the level of the illegality of technological applications to avoid the direction of scientific and technological innovation deviation,and can not directly impact the scientific and technological innovation activities.Combined with the research of science and technology law in the early years,the governance paradigm of market incentives can effectively promote innovation at the level of talents,funds,achievements and other innovation factors.However,the market incentive paradigm faces issues such as market failure,which may reduce the innovation motivation of innovation entities.Throughout the development of social practice of scientific and technological innovation,scientific and technological innovation itself belongs to a complexity project,a single governance paradigm can not promote effective AI technological innovation,but need to adopt a comprehensive governance paradigm of"Risk Prevention-Market Incentives-Innovation Resources Guarantee".Additionally,it is also necessary to realize the change of focus from"Technology Safety Law"to"Promotion of Technological Innovation"at the legislative level,and construct an"AI Technology Promotion Law"based on the comprehensive governance paradigm.
作者
赵精武
ZHAO Jingwu(Law School,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)
出处
《法学论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第3期53-66,共14页
Legal Forum
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“信息法基础”(16ZDA075)的阶段性成果。
关键词
人工智能安全
科技创新
风险预防
市场激励
创新资源保障
AI safety
technology innovation
risk prevention
market incentives
innovative resource security
