摘要
法兰克福学派的批判理论有一系列方法论上的抱负,体现在其研究进路(跨学科)、任务(实现解放)和对象(社会现实)上。这些抱负一方面使法兰克福学派的批判理论始终处于马克思主义的传统之中,另一方面也对它所主张的批判方法提出了挑战。重新审视批判理论对批判的理解以及这种理解的思想来源与动机,可以辨认出一种黑格尔—马克思的思想脉络中的特殊的内在批判形式。这种内在批判是批判理论面对后形而上学时代的理性危机做出的回应,它通过将自身置于具体的历史语境来完成理性批判的去先验化;并呈现出兼有自主性与合理性的辩证法结构,既能反思自身的运行状况,又能解释自身的批判动力。进而,内在批判可以被理解为社会主体的理性能力及其潜能的不断实现,以及据此对社会的内在规范性结构的打破与重建,从而为社会批判提供一种现实化力量。
Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School harbors a series of methodological aspirations manifested in its approach(interdisciplinary),task(realizing liberation),and object(social reality).These aspirations place it within the tradition of Marxism while challenging the critical methods it advocates.Revisiting the understanding of"Kritik/critique"in Critical Theory and the intellectual origins and motivations behind this understanding reveal a particular form of immanent critique within the Hegelian-Marxist intellectual lineage.The immanent critique emerges as a response of Critical Theory to the rational crisis of the post-metaphysical era,achieving a de-transcendentalization of rational critique by situating itself within specific historical contexts.It presents a dialectical structure characterized by autonomy and rationality,capable of reflecting on its own functioning and explaining its critical impetus.Furthermore,immanent critique can be understood as the continuous realization of the rational capacity and potential of social subjects,leading to the disruption and reconstruction of the intrinsic normative structure of society,thereby providing a concrete force for social critique.
出处
《社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第5期62-70,共9页
Journal of Social Sciences
关键词
内在批判
理性危机
辩证法
去先验化
理性重构
Immanent Critique
Rational Crisis
Dialectics
Detranscendentalized
Rational Reconstruction
