摘要
长江是我国第一大河,长江经济带是我国重要经济带,实施长江保护修复是国家重大战略,对长江经济带高质量发展具有至关重要的作用。固体废物既是污染源,又是污染汇,其治理兼具减污和降碳协同效应,是长江保护修复战略的重要组成部分。本文系统研究了2017−2021年长江流域固体废物产生量和利用处置能力的空间分布和时间演化特征,结果表明:2021年长江流域固体废物产生总量约20.7×10^(8)t,一般工业固体废物(简称“一般工业固废”)、生活垃圾和危险废物占比分别为89.1%、8.5%和2.4%;占比最大的一般工业固废每亿元GDP产生强度约为2209.6 t,为全国平均水平的64.0%,但超过欧盟近0.5倍,且上、中、下游差异明显,上游固废产生强度是下游的3.6倍;从增长趋势看,2017年以来流域一般工业固废产生量趋于下降,但危险废物和生活垃圾还在增长,增速为每年5%左右。进一步分析发现,长江流域固体废物治理主要问题包括以下几方面:传统资源消耗型产业多,固废产生强度较大,源头减量压力大;固废利用处置能力区域性和结构性短板凸出;存量固废底数不清,环境风险较大。建议通过强化政策和规划引导,依托“无废流域”建设,结合流域的自然资源、行业分布特征,推动固废源头减量;因地制宜,多措并举优化利用处置能力结构,补齐能力短板;坚守环境底线,防范流域性固废环境污染风险。
The Yangtze River is the largest river in China,and the Yangtze River Economic Belt is an important economic belt in China.Implementing the protection and restoration of the Yangtze River is a major national strategy and plays a crucial role in the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Solid waste is both a source and a sink of pollution,and its management,with its synergistic effects of both pollution reduction and carbon reduction,is an important part of the strategy to protect and restore the Yangtze River.This article systematically studied the spatial distribution and temporal evolution characteristics of solid waste generation,utilization,and disposal capacity in the Yangtze River Basin(from 2017 to 2021).The results showed that the total amount of solid waste generated in the basin in 2021 was approximately 20.7×10^(8)t,of which general industrial solid waste,household waste,and hazardous waste accounted for 89.1%,8.5%and 2.4%,respectively.The production intensity of general industrial solid waste,which accounts for the largest proportion,is about 2209.6 tons per 100 million yuan of GDP,which is 64.0%of the national level,but nearly 0.5 times higher than that of European Union.And there are significant differences among the upstream,middle and downstream,with the waste intensity in the upstream being 3.6 times that of the downstream.Looking at the growth trend,the production of general industrial solid waste in the basin is on a downward trend,but hazardous waste and domestic waste are still growing,with an annual increase of about 5%.Further analysis found that the main problems in solid waste management in the Yangtze River Basin include:(1)There are a large number of traditional resource-consuming industries,the intensity of solid waste generation is high,and the pressure to reduce the amount at source is high.(2)There are obvious regional and structural shortcomings in solid waste utilization and disposal capabilities.(3)The inventory of solid waste is unclear and environmental risks are high.It is recommended to combine the characteristics of the natural resources and industrial layout of the basin,strengthen policy and planning guidance,and rely on the construction of‘waste-free basin’to promote the reduction of solid waste at source;adapt to local conditions,take multiple measures to optimize the utilization and disposal capacity structure,and fill the capacity gaps;adhere to the bottom line of the environment and prevent the risk of solid waste environmental pollution in the basin.
作者
杨浩南
徐亚
黄启飞
刘玉强
钱璨
YANG Haonan;XU Ya;HUANG Qifei;LIU Yuqiang;QIAN Can(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Research Institute of Solid Waste Management,Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)
出处
《环境科学研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期1348-1356,共9页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(No.2023YFC3708902)
黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展联合研究项目(No.2022YRUC010303)。
关键词
长江流域
固废
风险
资源化
污染
Yangtze River Basin
solid waste
risk
resource utilization
pollution
