摘要
[目的]揭示东北黑土区有、无地埂措施土壤物理性质空间分布的差异,为黑土区水土保持工程措施及坡耕地土壤恢复效果的评价提供科学依据。[方法]以东北黑土区修筑水土保持工程措施(地埂)的坡耕地为研究对象,以无措施坡耕地作为对照,采用空间均匀布点取样法,获取了表层(0—15 cm)土壤物理性质基本指标,量化有、无地埂措施坡耕地土壤持水能力和土壤结构的空间分布特征。[结果](1)修筑地埂后,土壤含水率、饱和持水量、田间持水量和毛管持水量分别提高7.89%,30.15%,17.83%,19.41%;(2)在坡上、坡中及坡下位置修筑地埂样地的土壤持水能力均高于无措施对照样地,且随坡位的下降,土壤的持水能力也在逐渐增大;(3)修筑地埂后,土壤容重和分形维数分别降低12.04%,0.58%,而土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、WR>0.25、平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)分别增大14.02%,17.83%,17.74%,28.48%,21.31%;(4)在坡上、坡中及坡下位置修筑地埂样地的土壤结构较无措施对照样地更好,尤其是坡上位置主要影响土壤总孔隙度、平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)和分形维数(D);坡中和坡下位置主要影响WR>0.25,较无措施对照样地增大18.5%,17.89%。[结论]坡耕地修筑水土保持措施后,能有效提高土壤持水能力,改善土壤结构,提高土壤水稳性团聚体含量,尤其在坡下位置更为明显。
[Objective]The aims of this study are to reveal the difference of spatial distribution of soil physical properties with and without earth ridge,and to provide scientific basis for the evaluation of soil and water conservation measures and soil restoration effects on sloping cultivated land in the black soil region.[Methods]This study focused on the sloping cultivated land with soil and water conservation measures(ridges)in the northeast black soil region,with untreated sloping cultivated land as control.A spatially uniform sampling method was used to obtain the basic indicators of soil physical properties in the surface layer(0—15 cm),and the spatial distribution characteristics of soil water holding capacity and soil structure with and without ridge measures on sloping cultivated land were quantified.[Results](1)After the construction of ridges,the soil moisture content,saturated water holding capacity,field water holding capacity,and capillary water holding capacity increased by 7.89%,30.15%,17.83%,and 19.41%,respectively.(2)The soil water holding capacities of the ridge plots on the top,middle,and bottom of the slope were higher than those of the untreated control plots,and the soil water holding capacity gradually increased with the decrease of slope position.(3)After the construction of ridges,the bulk density and fractal dimension(D)of the soil decreased by 12.04%and 0.58%,respectively,while the total porosity,capillary porosity,WR>0.25,mean weight diameter(MWD),and geometric mean diameter(GMD)increased by 14.02%,17.83%,17.74%,28.48%,and 21.31%,respectively.(4)The soil structures of the ridge plots on the top,middle,and bottom of the slope were better than those of the untreated control plots,especially on the top of the slope,which mainly affected the total porosity,MWD,GMD,and D;the middle and bottom of the slope mainly affected WR>0.25,which increased by 18.5%and 17.89%compared to the untreated control plots.[Conclusion]The construction of soil and water conservation measures on sloping cultivated land can effectively improve soil water holding capacity and soil structure,and increase the content of stable aggregates,especially in the bottom of the slope.
作者
魏思雨
张延玲
刘滨辉
付玉
Wei Siyu;Zhang Yanling;Liu Binhui;Fu Yu(College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Center of Songliao Basin,Songliao Water Resources Commission,Changchun 130021,China)
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期135-144,共10页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目“黑土农田侵蚀阻控原理及水土保持措施效应”(2021YFD1500705)。
关键词
黑土区
地埂
空间变化特征
土壤持水能力
土壤结构特征
black soil region
ridge
spatial variation characteristics
soil water holding capacity
soil structure characteristics
