摘要
调查了广西的笋用竹种质资源及其利用现状,结果显示,广西适宜笋用的竹种有6属41种(包括变种或品种)。其中,夏季出笋的竹种有3属24种,以大型丛生竹——麻竹种植面积较大,甜龙竹发展潜力大;冬、春季出笋的竹种有2属14种,以大型散生竹——毛竹种植面积最大,但以材用林为主,笋产量较低,刚竹属、大节竹属的其它笋用竹种有零星种植;秋季出笋的竹种有寒竹属1属3种,其笋亦称为“重阳笋”,利用较少。在笋用竹种中人工种植面积在6.67 hm^(2)以上的有麻竹、勃氏甜龙竹、绿竹、毛竹和雷竹5种。调查中还发现了一些新的笋用竹种,竹笋品质佳,但种群量少,处于濒危状态。广西发展笋用竹应重视多种竹种的利用,既要发展麻竹笋用林,也要发展甜龙竹、毛竹及寒竹属竹种等的笋用林,构建全年供笋格局;加大广西本土优良笋用竹种及濒危笋用竹种的培育与利用,选育笋用竹良种,并加快推广种植。
The germplasm resources of bamboo species for producing shoots and their utilization in Guangxi are investigated.The results show that there are 41 species(including varieties or cultivar)in 6 genera suitable for bamboo shoot producing in Guangxi.Among them,there are 24 species in 3 genera that have bamboo shoots emerge in summer,while Dendrocalamus latiflorus,a large-sized sympodial bamboo species,is largely planted and D.brandisii show a great development potential.A total of 14 species in 2 genera produce shoots in both winter and spring,among which Phyllostachys edulis,a large-sized monopodial bamboo species,has the largest area of planting,but it is mainly used for producing culms with a low yield of shoots,and other bamboo species in Phyllostachys and Indosasa are sporadically planted.Only 3 bamboo species in 1 genus of Chimonobambusa produces shoots in autumn,which is also called“Chongyangsun”but their shoots are rarely utilized.Among the bamboo species used for bamboo shoots,the artificial planting area of D.latiflorus,D.brandisii,D.oldhami,Ph.edulis and Ph.violascens'Prevernalis'exceeds more than 6.67 ha.The investigation also finds some new bamboo species for shoots production,whose shoots are in good quality,but they are in an endangered condition due to small population.Guangxi should pay attention to the utilization of various bamboo species,including not only D.latiflorus,but also D.brandisii,Ph.edulis and Chimonobambusa,so as to build a pattern of yearlong bamboo shoots supply.In addition,more efforts should be taken to increase the cultivation and utilization of excellent and endangered shoot-producing bamboo species in Guangxi,select and breed the bamboo species with improved production of shoots,and accelerate the promotion and planting of the selected species.
作者
黄大勇
李立杰
黄耀恒
林建勇
卢宗军
韦岑妮
Huang Dayong;Li Lijie;Huang Yaoheng;Lin Jianyong;Lu Zongjun;Wei Cenni(Guangxi Forestry Research Institute,Nanning 530002,China;Liuzhou Forestry Research Institute,Liuzhou 545300,Guangxi,China)
出处
《世界竹藤通讯》
2024年第3期48-53,共6页
World Bamboo and Rattan
基金
广西林业局项目“广西林草种质资源普查与收集”(GXFS-2021-34)。
关键词
笋用竹
种质资源
资源调查
良种
广西
bamboo for shoot production
germplasm resource
resources investigation
improved variety
Guangxi
