摘要
目的 了解2019-2021年山东省青岛市工作场所职业病危害因素监测以及质量控制情况,并对超标职业病危害因素进行职业健康风险评估。方法 2022年9月,收集青岛市职业病网络直报系统2019-2021年职业病危害因素监测以及青岛市职业卫生技术质量控制中心质量控制相关数据,进行职业健康风险评估和描述性统计分析。结果 2019-2021年粉尘作业共监测样本8 525个,其中超标样本数为141个(1.65%),噪声作业共监测样本12 952个,其中超标样本数为612个(4.72%),外源性化学毒物作业共监测样本11 190个,其中超标样本数为13个(0.12%);粉尘、噪声、外源性化学毒物超标率较高的分别为大型企业、中型企业和微型企业,分别为6.35%(65/1 023)、7.00%(202/2 884)、0.51%(5/978)。粉尘、噪声、外源性化学毒物超标率较高的企业主要分布在黄岛区、胶州市及市北区。超标职业病危害因素中,矽尘和苯风险评估为4级,二甲苯和锰及其化合物风险评估为3级。监测相关数据与青岛市职业卫生技术质量控制中心质量控制数据的相关系数为正相关(r_s=0.82)。结论 2019-2021年青岛市职业病危害因素的重点是粉尘(矽尘)与噪声,其次是苯、二甲苯和锰及其化合物,其中矽尘与苯属于高风险水平,二甲苯和锰及其化合物属于中等风险水平。
Objective To understand the monitoring and quality control of occupational disease hazards in workplaces in Qingdao city during 2019to 2021,and to conduct occupational health risk assessment on occupational disease hazards exceeding the standard.Methods In September 2022,data related to the monitoring of occupational disease hazards in the Qingdao Occupational Disease Network Direct Reporting Systemfrom 2019to 2021and the quality control of the Qingdao Occupational Health Technology and Quality Control Center were collected for occupational health risk assessment and descriptive statistical analysis.Results From 2019to 2021,a total of 8525samples were monitored for dust operations,of which 141samples exceeded the standard(1.65%),12952samples were monitored for noise operations,of which 612samples exceeded the standard(4.72%),and 11190samples were monitored for external chemical toxicity operations,of which 13samples exceeded the standard(0.12%).The high exceeding rates of dust,noise,and exogenous chemical toxins were found in large enterprises,medium-sized enterprises,and micro enterprises,with 6.35%(65/1023),7.00%(202/2884),and 0.51%(5/978),respectively.The enterprises with high excess rates of dust,noise and exogenous chemical toxicants were mainly distributed in Huangdao district,Jiaozhou city and Shibei district.Among the occupational hazards exceeding the standard,the risk assessment for silica dust and benzene was level 4,while the risk assessment for xylene,manganese and their compounds was level 3.The correlation coefficient between the monitoring related data and the quality control data of Qingdao Occupational Health Technology Quality Control Center was positive correlation(rs=0.82).Conclusion The key occupational hazard factors in Qingdao city are dust(silica dust)and noise,followed by benzene,xylene,manganese and their compounds.Among them,silica dust and benzene belong to high risk levels,while xylene,manganese and their compounds belong to medium risk levels.
作者
翟龙
高龙玉
郝康宇
吴昊
韩颖
沙恒祥
孙治涛
王洪林
ZHAI Long;GAO Long-yu;HAO Kang-yu;WU Hao;HAN Ying;SHA Heng-xiang;SUN Zhi-tao;WANG Hong-lin(Institute of Occupational Health,Qingdao City Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shandong266000,China)
出处
《预防医学论坛》
2024年第4期291-295,300,共6页
Preventive Medicine Tribune
关键词
职业病
危害因素
监测
风险评估
质量控制
Occupational diseases
Hazardous factors
Monitoring
Risk assessment
Quality control
