摘要
生态系统服务与人类福祉和社会经济可持续发展密切相关。在乡村振兴背景下,生态系统服务收益不平等程度的降低有助于提升农村居民对环境保护的关切,促进农村地区生态环境改善,推动农村经济、社会和环境的协调发展。基于2021年陕西易地扶贫搬迁入户调研数据,测度和分解了搬迁农户生态系统服务收益不平等。首先,测度农户在搬迁前后生态系统服务收益不平等程度;其次,基于静态视角利用基尼系数分解生态系统服务收益构成对其不平等的贡献度;最后,基于动态视角利用夏普里分解法量化了生态系统服务收益影响因素对其不平等的贡献度。结果表明,生态系统服务总收益不平等和调节服务收益不平等在搬迁后有所降低,供给服务不平等和文化服务不平等在搬迁后均提高;调节服务收益、供给服务收益、文化服务收益对总收益不平等贡献度依次递减,但与其他两种收益不同,调节服务收益增加会使总收益不平等程度降低;相同影响因素对生态系统服务总收益不平等和各分项收益不平等贡献度具有差异,政策因素是影响因素中造成总收益不平等及分项收益不平等的主要原因。本研究为基于不平等视角探究生态系统服务提供路径支持和方法借鉴,也为新时期易地扶贫搬迁地区生态保护政策的制定和实施提供启示。
Ecosystem services are closely related to human well-being and sustainable socio-economic development.In the context of rural revitalization,the reduction of inequal access of ecosystem services(ecosystem services inequality)contributes to raise the concern of rural residents for environmental protection,promotes the improvement of the ecological environment in rural areas and facilitates the coordinated development of the rural economy,society and environment.The data is from the 2021 Household Survey Data of Poverty Alleviation Relocation in Shaanxi Province.Shaanxi Province is chosen as the research site based on two reasons.First,the scale of poverty alleviation relocation is large.During the 13th Five-Year Plan period,about one-third of Shaanxi’s poverty-stricken population is located in concentrated and contiguous poverty-stricken areas.Second,due to its long and narrow topography,Shaanxi is characterized by sharp differences in its internal geography,humanities and folklore,and economic development,covering relocated households living in poverty in different natural and human contexts.With the survey data,the degree of ecosystem services inequality of relocated households is measured and decomposed.Firstly,the indicator system of ecosystem service benefit is constructed,and the Gini coefficient is used to measure ecosystem services inequality of relocated households before and after relocation.Secondly,the composition of ecosystem services inequality is analyzed from both static and dynamic perspectives.The static perspective is to decompose the ecosystem services inequality from the sub-benefits of ecosystem services and examine the contribution of different components of the benefits from ecosystem services to the overall inequality;The dynamic perspective is to decompose the ecosystem services inequality by using Shapley’s decomposition method,and to analyze the contribution of each influencing factor to the ecosystem services inequality.The results indicate that relocates households’total benefits from ecosystem services and benefits from regulating services increase substantially after the relocation,and the inequality between the two decreased substantially,but the inequality problem is still prominent;The benefits from provisioning services and benefits from cultural services increased slightly after the relocation,and the inequality between the two increased slightly,leading to a more serious inequality problem.The contribution of benefits from regulating services,provisioning culture and cultural services to the inequality of total benefits decreases in descending order,and an increase in benefits from regulating services reduces the ecosystem services inequality,whereas an increase in benefits from provisioning culture and cultural services raises the ecosystem services inequality.The same factors contribute differently to inequality in total benefits and inequality in sub-benefits of ecosystem services,while policy factors ranked in the top four in terms of their contribution to ecosystem service inequality and inequality in sub-benefits,being the primary drivers of total inequality and sub-component inequalities.Reasonably guide relocated households to use ecosystem services and optimize the structure of their benefits from ecosystem services,and strengthen the role of follow-up employment and industrial development assistance to promote the transformation of the livelihoods of relocated households.This research provides insights into the methodology of ecosystem service provision from an inequality perspective,and offers guidance for the formulation and implementation of ecological conservation policies in relocation areas in the new era.
作者
李聪
郭嫚嫚
李明来
惠萌
LI Cong;GUO Manman;LI Minglai;HUI Meng(School of Economics and Finance,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710061,China;School of Energy and Environment,City University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong 999077,China)
出处
《统计与信息论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第8期74-87,共14页
Journal of Statistics and Information
基金
国家自然科学基金青年学生基础研究项目“易地扶贫搬迁脱贫户收入分化:测度、机理及对策研究”(723B2019)
国家社会科学基金重点项目“内生动力和自我发展能力视角的精准扶贫措施动能测度与返贫防范对策研究”(19AJL007)
2022年度陕西高校青年创新团队
清华农村研究博士论文奖学金(202010)。
