摘要
研究猕猴桃园间作不同播期毛叶苕子(Vicia villosa Roth.)盛花期株高和鲜草产量,以及对猕猴桃园土壤温度、湿度和杂草种类、数量等群落特征的影响,为陕西省汉中地区猕猴桃园合理利用绿肥及制定果园绿色发展模式提供科学依据。试验设4个处理,分别为毛叶苕子播期9月29日(VR1)、播期10月10日(VR2)、播期10月20日(VR3)和清耕作为对照(CK),定期对不同处理土壤温度、湿度及杂草进行调查测定,毛叶苕子盛花期测定株高和鲜草产量,比较分析不同播期下毛叶苕子对猕猴桃园土壤生态环境的影响。猕猴桃园间作毛叶苕子,盛花期各处理毛叶苕子植株高度和鲜草产量均表现为VR1>VR2>VR3,其中,VR1处理的植株高度和鲜草产量最高,分别为195.4 cm和39 166.86 kg/hm^(2)。间作毛叶苕子对猕猴桃园土壤温度调节作用明显,不同播期毛叶苕子处理下土壤温度变化幅度均低于CK,其中VR1处理的变化幅度最小,各处理土壤温度变化幅度表现为VR1<VR3<VR2<CK。从3月中旬至5月上旬,VR1、VR2、VR3处理的土壤平均湿度比CK分别提高了115.84%、94.00%和115.20%;5月5日,VR1、VR3处理的土壤湿度分别为29.8%和30.1%,均显著高于其他处理。与CK相比,猕猴桃园间作不同播期毛叶苕子的杂草数量和种类均不同程度地减少,其中,对早熟禾、看麦娘、鹅肠草、菵草、野老鹤草和车轴草的抑制效果最为明显,杂草密度分别平均减少了100.00%、55.69%、82.60%、68.16%、58.21%和95.91%。不同播期毛叶苕子处理下,VR1处理的杂草总密度最低(18.58株/m^(2)),VR1、VR2、VR3处理的杂草总密度较CK分别降低了82.32%、67.31%和74.28%,各处理杂草密度表现为VR1<VR3<VR2<CK。猕猴桃园间作不同播期毛叶苕子,与CK相比,9月29日播种可以使毛叶苕子得到充分的生长,养分物质积累更多,鲜草产量达到最大,同时对稳定土壤温度、提高土壤含水量、降低农田杂草的密度和种类、改变杂草群落组成结构等方面综合效果最佳,是汉中地区猕猴桃园优先发展的绿肥管理模式之一。
We analyzed the effects of intercropping of Vicia villosa Roth.on the plant height and fresh grass yield of sowing dates,soil temperature,soil humidity and weed species and number in kiwifruit orchard,to provide scientific basis for rational utilization of green manure and establishment of green development model of kiwifruit orchard in Hanzhong,Shaanxi Province.The experiment was conducted with four treatments:Vicia villosa Roth.sowing date September 29th(VR1),sowing date October 10th(VR2),sowing date October 20th(VR3) and clear tillage(CK),soil temperature,soil humidity and weeds in different treatments were investigated regularly,and the plant height and fresh grass yield was measured at the flowering stage of green manure.The effects of Vicia villosa Roth.on soil ecological environment were compared and analyzed in kiwifruit orchard under different sowing dates.The plant height and fresh grass yield of the treatments in kiwifruit orchard intercropped with Vicia villosa Roth.were VR1>VR2>VR3.The plant height and fresh grass yield of VR1 were the highest at 195.4 cm and 39,166.86 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The intercropping Vicia villosa Roth.had a significant effect on soil temperature in kiwifruit orchard.The variation range of soil temperature under different sowing dates was lower than that under CK,and the variation range of VR1 was the smallest in all treatments.The variation range of soil temperature in each treatment was VR1<VR3<VR2<CK.From mid-March to early May,the average soil moisture of VR1,VR2 and VR3 increased by115.84%,94.00% and 115.20%,respectively,compared with CK.On May 5th,the average soil moisture of treatment VR1 and VR3 was 29.8% and 30.1%,respectively,which was significantly higher than that of other treatments.Compared with CK,the number and species of weeds in kiwifruit intercropping with Vicia villosa Roth.decreased at different sowing dates.Among them,Poa annua L.,Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.,Myosoton aquaticum(L.) Moench,Beckmannia syzigachne(Steud.) Fern.,Geranium carolinianum L.and Trifolium spp.were the most effective,the number and density decreased by 100.00%,55.69%,82.60%,68.16%,58.21% and 95.91%,respectively.The total weed density of VR1 treatment was the lowest(18.58 plants/m^(2)).Compared with CK,the total weed density of VR1,VR2 and VR3 treatment decreased by 82.32%,67.31% and 74.28%,respectively,the weed density of each treatment was VR1<VR3<VR2<CK.Compared with CK,planting on September 29th can make the green manure grow fully,and more matter accumulate,and the fresh grass yield of Vicia villosa Roth.reaches the maximum,while intercropping with Vicia villosa Roth.has different sowing dates,it had the best effect on stabilizing soil temperature,increasing soil water content,reducing the density and species of weeds,changing the composition and structure of weed community,and regulating the microclimate of orchard,it is one of the green manure management modes of orchard development in Hanzhong area.
作者
陈浩
王吕
王飞杰
吴玉红
秦宇航
尤强
淡亚彬
李晓梅
范晓培
何倩
许帆
任琼芝
肖飞
CHEN Hao;WANG Lü;WANG Feijie;WU Yuhong;QIN Yuhang;YOU Qiang;DAN Yabin;LI Xiaomei;FAN Xiaopei;HE Qian;XU Fan;REN Qiongzhi;XIAO Fei(Hanzhong Agricultural Technology Extension and Training Center,Shaanxi 723000;Agricultural Technology Extension Center in Xixiang County;Agricultural Integrated Law Enforcement Brigade in Liuba County)
出处
《中国果树》
2024年第6期40-46,共7页
China Fruits
基金
陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟项目(LM202201)。
关键词
毛叶苕子
猕猴桃园
鲜草产量
土壤温度
土壤湿度
杂草
ViciavillosaRoth.
kiwifruit orchard
fresh grass yield
soil temperature
soil humidity
weeds
