摘要
从深度伪造的技术内涵、应用风险、规制路径三个层面入手,通过对近年来国内外研究文献的梳理与归纳,立足新闻传播学科,对深度伪造技术及其应用影响下的媒介素养教育进行综述。在技术内涵层面,深度伪造作为颠覆性技术异化的典型代表,因具备“强欺骗”与“难反制”两大技术特质而饱受争议,被更多地视作威胁与挑战,积极用途不被重视;在应用风险层面,深度伪造技术生成的深度虚假信息会加重媒体信任危机与信息安全威胁,但也启发了一个区别于技术反制与法律监管的灵活对抗思路——利用媒介素养教育降低深度伪造的负面影响;在深度伪造影响下的媒介素养教育层面,深度伪造媒体与媒介素养教育的结合存在培养媒介批判精神、提升辨识能力的可能,但相关实证研究目前还处于初步探索阶段,关于如何形成可行性策略仍需要进一步证实和挖掘。化被动为主动,利用颠覆性争议科技更好地促进人的素质提升和能力发展,变技术异化困境为媒介素养提升的契机,避免人被人工智能驱动的媒体欺骗和操纵,是传播学界在新兴媒介技术蓬勃发展以及智能传播时代需要积极面对和深耕的问题。
This paper,commencing with an exploration of the connotation,application risk,and regulatory trajectory of deepfake technology,thoroughly reviews the domestic and foreign research literature in recent years.Based on the perspective of the journalism and communication discipline,it reviews the media literacy education under the influence of deepfake technology and its application.Concerning technological connotation,deepfake,emblematic of disruptive technological alienation,is delineated by its clandestine nature,deceptive capabilities,and the challenges in implementing continuous countermeasures,which has triggered widespread controversy while highlighting the urgency of technological regulation.This technology is more often regarded as a challenge to the existing media environment,while its potential advantages in enhancing media processing efficiency and enriching image expression are generally overlooked.In terms of application risk,deep disinformation generated by deepfake technology possesses stronger visual persuasiveness,which can greatly weaken the authenticity of facts in public perception,thus amplifying the dissemination effect of disinformation and threatening social trust and personal bio-information security.However,this also inspires a breakthrough attempt of governance countermeasures-to carry out targeted media literacy education based on the psychological characteristics of human beings themselves,in order to fundamentally reduce the negative impact of deepfake.In terms of countermeasures,given the challenges of governance posed by purely technical countermeasures and legal regulations,innovative media literacy education approaches targeting deepfake technology are highly anticipated.The organic combination of deepfake media and media literacy education may provide new possibilities for the cultivation of media critical spirit and the enhancement of discernment ability,but it is also necessary to be wary of the breeding of a high degree of media skepticism and cynicism.However,the methods and perspectives of the relevant empirical research are at the preliminary stage of exploration.It requires further research and validation to develop practical strategies.Under the background of intelligent communication with flourishing emerging media technologies,turning passivity into initiative may transform the dilemma of technological alienation into an opportunity for media literacy enhancement.Using these technologies,which are both disruptive and controversial,to promote human quality enhancement and competence development can contribute to preventing people from being deceived and manipulated by AI-driven media.It is not only a topic that the journalism and communication field needs to actively confront,but also a common challenge faced by the whole society.
作者
王国燕
张卓越
WANG Guoyan;ZHANG Zhuoyue(School of Communication,Soochow University,Suzhou 215123,China)
出处
《新媒体与网络》
2024年第2期40-51,共12页
NEW MEDIA AND NETWORK
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82273744)。
关键词
深度伪造
技术异化
虚假信息传播
媒介素养
媒体信任
人工智能时代
deepfake
technological alienation
disinformation dissemination
media literacy
media trust
artificial intelligence era
