摘要
【目的】探明生物炭与氮肥配施对北疆灌区春小麦旗叶SPAD值、光合特性、干物质积累和转运、灌浆速率及产量的影响,为不同量氮肥与配施生物炭在北疆灌区的合理施用与农田增产增效提供依据。【方法】以新疆优质品种春小麦“新春37号”为供试材料,采用随机区组设计,设4个氮肥水平∶不施氮肥(N0:0 kg/hm^(2))、常规氮肥(N1:300 kg/hm^(2))、氮肥减量15%(N2:255 kg/hm^(2))、氮肥减量30%(N3:210 kg/hm^(2));设2个生物炭水平∶不施生物炭(B0:0 kg/hm^(2))、生物炭(B1:20×10^(3) kg/hm^(2)),共B0N0、B1N0、B0N1、B1N1、B0N2、B1N2、B0N3、B1N38个处理;测量春小麦旗叶SPAD值,光合指标(净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间CO_(2)浓度),生育时期的干物质积累和转运,籽粒灌浆速率和产量及其构成等,明确不同量氮肥与配施生物炭对春小麦生长的影响。【结果】与不施生物炭不施氮肥(B0N0)相比,氮肥减量15%配施生物炭(B1N2)可以显著提高春小麦旗叶SPAD值、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、干物质积累、转运速率、籽粒灌浆速率和产量。B1N2处理下,在春小麦不同时间段,SPAD值增长13.17%~91.70%,净光合速率提高17.42%~87.30%,气孔导度提高16.00%~29.41%,蒸腾速率提高25.35%~79.81%;在春小麦成熟期,籽粒的干物质提高28.87%,产量增加30.23%。【结论】生物炭2.0×10^(4) kg/hm^(2)、配施氮肥255 kg/hm^(2)(B1N2)可初步达到春小麦增产和氮肥减施的目的,为北疆灌区农田氮肥及生物炭科学施用策略的制定提供理论依据。
【Objective】The paper aimed to study the effects of combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on SPAD value,photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation,transport,grain filling rate and yield of spring wheat in irrigation area of northern Xinjiang,which provided a basis for rational application of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and combined application of biochar in irrigation area of northern Xinjiang and increasing yield and efficiency of farmland.【Method】In the study,the high-quality spring wheat variety'Xinchun 37'in Xinjiang was used as the test material,and a randomized block design was used,four nitrogen fertilizer levels were set up as non-nitrogen fertilizer(N0∶0 kg/hm^(2)),conventional nitrogen fertilizer(N1∶300 kg/hm^(2)),nitrogen fertilizer reduction 15%(N2∶255 kg/hm^(2)),nitrogen fertilizer reduction 30%(N3∶210 kg/hm^(2));Two biochar levels were set up as non-biochar(B0∶0 kg/hm^(2))and biochar(B1∶20×10^(3) kg/hm^(2)),including 8 treatments as B0N0,B1N0,B0N1,B1N1,B0N2,B1N2,B0N3,B1N3;The SPAD value of flag leaf,photosynthetic indexes(net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,intercellular CO_(2) concentration),dry matter accumulation and transport during growth period,grain filling rate,yield and its composition of spring wheat were measured,to clarifing the effects of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar on the growth of spring wheat.【Result】Compared with non-biochar and non-nitrogen fertilizer(B0N0),15%reduction of nitrogen fertilizer combined with biochar(B1N2)could significantly increased the SPAD value of flag leaf,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,dry matter accumulation and transport rate,grain filling rate and yield of spring wheat.Under the B1N2 treatment,the SPAD value increased by 13.17%-91.70%,the net photosynthetic rate increased by 17.42%-87.30%,the stomatal conductance increased by 16.00%-29.41%,and the transpiration rate increased by 25.35%-79.81%.At the maturity stage of spring wheat,the dry matter of grains increased by 28.87%,and the yield increased by 30.23%.【Conclusion】Appropriate amount of biochar 20×10^(3) kg/hm^(2) and nitrogen fertilizer 255 kg/hm^(2)(B1N2)can initially achieve the purpose of increasing spring wheat yield and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application,and provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of scientific application strategies of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar in farmland in northern Xinjiang irrigation area.
作者
赵立宁
张力月
孟祥睿
郭颂
杨梅
马磊
杨卫君
ZHAO Li-ning;ZHANG Li-yue;MENG Xiang-rui;GUO Song;YANG Mei;MA Lei;YANG Wei-jun(School of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期1180-1187,共8页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32260326)
新疆现代农业(小麦)产业体系项目(XJARS-01)。
关键词
生物炭
光合特性
春小麦
产量
Biochar
Photosynthetic characteristics
Spring wheat
Yield
