摘要
【目的】研究厦门湾口海域游泳动物多样性和群落结构。【方法】本文根据2023年8月在厦门湾口海域开展的渔业资源底拖网调查资料,应用相对重要性指数、资源密度指数、生物多样性指数和聚类分析等方法,研究游泳动物的种类组成、优势种、资源密度、物种多样性和群落结构特征等。【结果】表明,厦门湾口海域夏季共捕获游泳动物147种,隶属于4纲19目63科107属,其中鱼类92种、头足类8种、口足类8种、虾类13种、蟹类26种。游泳动物渔获平均重量密度和平均数量密度分别为450.58 kg/km^(2)、4.42×10^(4) ind/km^(2)。优势种为哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)、刀额仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis cultrirostris)、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)和须赤虾(Metapenaeopsis barbata)等4种。Margalef丰富度指数D的变动范围为5.68~10.23,基于个体数量的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′N、Pielou均匀度指数J′N变动范围分别为1.47~3.34、0.38~0.88,基于生物量的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′W、Pielou均匀度指数J′W变动范围分别为2.09~3.41、0.54~0.87。等级聚类(CLUSTER)和非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)表明,夏季厦门湾口游泳动物群落可划分为南、北2个组群,哈氏仿对虾和刀额仿对虾是2个组群的主要相异贡献种。【结论】本次调查种类数多于近些年厦门湾内及九龙江口游泳动物调查种类数,优势种均为小型、低营养层次和短生命周期的物种,平均物种多样性指数属于中等水平,渔获物小型化比较明显。受鱼类资源衰退的影响,生命周期短、繁殖力强的虾类资源成为渔业资源的重要补充。【意义】本研究补充了厦门湾口海域游泳动物群落研究基础资料,对该海域生态系统多样性的保护和管理提供了科学依据。
[Objective]Xiamen Bay is located in the southeast of Fujian Province.It is rich in nutrients and has a strong biological basis.It is an important place for spawning,breeding,feeding and inhabiting of various fishery resources.In order to study the diversity and community structure of nekton in Xiamen Bay estuary.[Methods]Based on the data of bottom trawl survey of fishery resources in Xiamen Bay estuary in August 2023,the study used the methods of relative importance index,resource density index,biodiversity index and cluster to conduct research.The study analyzed the species composition,dominant species,resource density,species diversity and community structure characteristics of nekton.[Results]Results revealed a total of 147 nekton species captured during the survey period,spanning 107 genera within 63 families across 19 orders.Among these,there were 92 species of fish,8 species of cephalopods,8 species of stomatopods,13 species of shrimps and 26 species of crabs.The average weight density and quantity density of nekton were 450.58 kg/km^(2) and 4.42×10^(4) ind/km^(2).Dominant species included Parapenaeopsis hardwickii,Parapenaeopsis cultrirostris,Oratosquilla oratoria,and Metapenaeopsis barbata.The Margalef richness index D ranged from 5.68 to 10.23,indicating moderate species richness.Shannon-Wiener diversity index H'N and Pielou evenness index J'N,based on individual number,varied between 1.47−3.34 and 0.38−0.88,respectively.Similarly,Shannon-Wiener diversity index H'W and Pielou evenness index J'W,based on biomass,ranged from 2.09 to 3.41 and 0.54 to 0.87,respectively.Hierarchical clustering and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling analysis delineated two distinct station groups within the estuary of Xiamen Bay:northern and southern.The results of NMDS sorting and CLUSTER hierarchical clustering analysis were relatively consistent.P.hardwickii and P.cultrirostris emerged as the primary dissimilar contributing species to these groups.[Conclusion]The number of species in this survey is more than that in Xiamen Bay and Jiulong River estuary in recent years,and the dominant species were small,low trophic level and short life cycle species.These indices collectively indicated an overall moderate to high diversity level.The average species diversity index indicated an overall moderate diversity level.Catch miniaturisation is evident.Affected by the decline of fish resources,shrimp resources with short life cycle and strong fecundity have become an important supplement to fishery resources.[Significance]This study supplements the basic data of nekton community in Xiamen Bay,and provides a scientific basis for the protection and management of ecosystem diversity in this sea area.
作者
马超
庄之栋
刘勇
徐春燕
朱建新
吴同晋
余伟
谢少卿
沈长春
蔡建堤
MA Chao;ZHUANG Zhidong;LIU Yong;XU Chunyan;ZHU Jianxin;WU Tongjin;YU Wei;XIE Shaoqing;SHEN Changchun;CAI Jiandi(Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry Technology,Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian,Xiamen 361013,China;Marine and Fisheries Institute of Xiamen,Xiamen 361008,China;College of Fisheries and Life Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)
出处
《渔业研究》
2024年第4期375-383,共9页
Journal of Fisheries Research
基金
国家重点研发计划蓝色粮仓科技创新专项(2020YFD0900805)
福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2021R1013004)
福建省海洋服务与渔业高质量发展专项(FJHY-YYZY-2022-1)。
