摘要
目的 分析流行性感冒(流感)患儿的流行病学特征及病原学分布。方法 纳入2020年3月—2023年2月在开封市祥符区第一人民医院确诊为流感的394例1~10岁患儿的咽拭子标本,通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应完成流感病毒检测,分析此394例流感患儿感染的病毒类型及年龄、季节、性别、年份等分布情况。结果 甲型H1N1流感病毒为本次研究检出占比最高的流感病毒,占36.04%;男女患儿之间的甲型H3、甲型H1N1、乙型BV、乙型BY流感病毒占比比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);春季及冬季流感患儿占比最多,分别为41.12%、35.53%,且不同季节之间的甲型H3、甲型H1N1、乙型BV、乙型BY流感病毒占比比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);7~10岁流感患儿占比最高,为42.13%,不同年龄段患儿之间的甲型H3、甲型H1N1、乙型BV、乙型BY流感病毒占比比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2020年流感患儿占比最高,为43.40%,后续依次为2022年的29.70%,2021年的26.90%;不同年份的冬季流感患儿占比比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年份的各年龄段流感患儿占比比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各年甲型H3、甲型H1N1、乙型BV、乙型BY流感病毒占比比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 年龄7~10岁的患儿为流感高危群体,且甲型流感为患儿主要感染类型,而甲型流感病毒多见于春、冬季,新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间防控政策变化对流感流行有影响,应加强春、冬季7~10岁年龄段患儿的甲流预防工作。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and etiological distribution of children with influenza(flu).Methods The throat swab specimens of 394 children aged 1 to 10 years old who were diagnosed with influenza at the First People’s Hospital of Xiangfu District,Kaifeng City from March 2020 to February 2023 were included.The samples were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction to complete influenza virus detection and analyze the virus types and distribution of age,season,gender,year,etc.among these 394 children with influenza were analyzed.Results Influenza A H1N1 virus was the influenza virus with the highest proportion detected in this study,accounting for 36.04%;there were differences in the proportions of influenza A H3,A H1N1,BV,and B BY influenza viruses between male and female children,with no statistical significance(P>0.05);the proportion of children with influenza is the largest in spring and winter,41.12%and 35.53%respectively,and proportions of influenza A H3,A H1N1,B BV,and B BY influenza in different seasons were significantly different(P<0.05).Children aged 7 to 10 accounted for the highest proportion of influenza patients,42.13%.Among children of different ages,the proportion of influenza A H3,A H1N1,B BV,B BY had no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).The proportion of children with influenza in 2020 was the highest at 43.40%,followed by 29.70%in 2022 and 26.90%in 21;in different years there is a statistically significant difference in the proportion of children with influenza in winter(P<0.05).There is no statistically significant difference in the proportion of children with influenza of all ages in different years(P>0.05).The preportions of influenza A H3 and A H1N1,B BV and B BY viruses in each year,had no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusions Children aged 7 to 10 years old are a high-risk group for influenza,and influenza A is the main type of infection in children.Influenza A viruses are more common in spring and winter.Changes in prevention and control policies during the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic have an impact on the epidemic of influenza.Therefore,prevention of influenza A for children aged 7 to 10 years old in spring and winter should be strengthened.
作者
范明明
曹原
王利伟
FAN Mingming;CAO Yuan;WANG Liwei(School and Adolescent Health Department,Kaifeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Kaifeng 475000,China;Laboratory,the First People’s Hospital of Xiangfu District,Kaifeng 475100,China)
出处
《广州医药》
2024年第7期759-763,775,共6页
Guangzhou Medical Journal
关键词
流行性感冒
流行病学特征
病原学分析
儿童
influenza
epidemiological characteristics
etiological analysis
children
