摘要
准确判定数据不正当竞争行为是规制该类行为的关键。实证考察2012-2023年的数据不正当竞争案件裁判文书后发现,对数据不正当竞争行为判定,普遍适用权益侵害判定范式,这误读了反不正当竞争法的法律属性;对竞争关系的认定存在拓宽化的倾向,其在数字时代反不正当竞争法适用中的现实价值和改进进路尚待厘清;既有的以“搭便车”原则、互联网行业惯例和法官创制性细则为标准具体化商业道德的进路皆无法化解商业道德的不确定性难题。对此,为促进数据健康有序流动,维护数字市场的竞争秩序,应实现数据不正当竞争行为判定路径的“系统性”变革。首先,应实现权益侵害判定范式向行为正当判定范式的有效转变,确保法院裁判结果符合反不正当竞争法的法益保护目标和契合数字经济发展的需求;其次,纠正“竞争关系决定论”的误区,调整竞争关系在数据不正当竞争案件中的角色定位,将其作为认定原告资格的重要标准和评测损害程度的因素;最后,认定商业道德应兼顾公平竞争价值与自由竞争价值,遵循“由事实到价值”的商业道德内涵的确定步骤,肯定模仿自由并慎用“搭便车”裁判标准,并且在援引互联网行业惯例时应对其是否符合法律法规和有助于维护竞争秩序予以考察,应让创设的商业道德具体细则符合反不正当竞争法的价值目标。
Accurate justification of data unfair competitive behavior is the key to regulating such behavior.An empirical investigation of the judgment documents of data unfair competition cases from 2012 to 2023 found that the judgment paradigm of rights infringement is generally applied to the judgment of data unfair competition behaviors,which leads to the misinterpretation of the legal attribute of the anti-unfair competition law.There is a tendency to broaden the identification of competitive relationships,and its practical value and improvement approach in the application of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law in the digital age remain to be clarified.The existing approaches to concretizing business ethics based on the“free-rider”principle,Internet industry conventions,and judges’creative rules cannot resolve the uncertainty of business ethics.In view of this,for the purpose of promoting the healthy and orderly flow of data and maintaining the competitive order in the digital market,it is necessary to realize the systematic reform of the judgment path of data unfair competition behavior.First,it is necessary to realize the effective transformation from the judgment paradigm of rights and interests infringement to the judgment paradigm of behavior justification,so as to ensure that the court’s judgment results meet the legal interests protection objectives of the anti-unfair competition law and the needs of the development of digital economy.Secondly,the misunderstanding of“determinism of competitive relationship”should be corrected,and the role of competitive relationship in data unfair competition cases should be adjusted as an important standard for determining the qualification of the plaintiff and a factor for evaluating the degree of damage.Lastly,the establishment of business ethics should take into account both fair competition value and free competition value,follow the steps of determining business ethics content from facts to values,affirm imitation freedom and cautiously use the“free-rider”judgment standard,and investigate whether it complies with laws and regulations and helps maintain competitive order when referring to Internet industry conventions.The specific rules of business ethics should be created to conform to the value goals of the anti-unfair competition law.
作者
陈耿华
陈翰臣
CHEN Genghua;CHEN Hanchen(Economic Law School,Southwest University of Political Science&Law,Chongqing 401120,China)
出处
《重庆邮电大学学报（社会科学版）》
2024年第4期52-66,共15页
Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Social Science Edition)
基金
国家社科基金项目:数据不正当竞争行为司法规制的实证研究(21CFX042)。
