摘要
目的通过简易的方法制备耐久性的油水分离材料。方法采用水热-退火方法在不锈钢网(SSM)基底上制备了ZnCo_(2)O_(4)纳米针状阵列(ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM)。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱和接触角测量仪对油水分离材料的表面形貌、组分和表面润湿性进行了表征和研究。结果ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM空气中水的接触角为0°,水下油的接触角≥155°,显示了超亲水-水下超疏油的特殊润湿性。ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM呈现出优异的抗油污性能和重力驱动油水分离性能。对油-水混合物的分离效率大于99.8%,通量为3861~6114 L/(m^(2)·h),对水包油乳液的分离效率大于99.5%,通量为231~322 L/(m^(2)·h)。ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM具有循环使用稳定性,在连续分离煤油-水混合物30次后,分离效率仍然能够达到99.8%以上。更重要的是,ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM显示了优秀的长期稳定性、机械耐久性和强腐蚀环境耐久性(强酸,pH=1;强碱,pH=14;高盐,3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液)。结论ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM以不锈钢网为载体,弥补了机械强度差的缺点。ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM以高化学稳定的ZnCo_(2)O_(4)作为微纳米结构,提高了分离材料的耐久性。因此,ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM制备方法简单,在工业含油污水的分离中具有很好的潜在应用前景。
With the rapid development of economy,petrochemical industry,machinery manufacturing,metallurgy,catering and other industries discharge a large amount of oily wastewater every year,resulting in serious environmental pollution and ecological destruction.The work aims to fabricate durable oil-water separation materials for oily sewage treatment by a facile method.In this experiment,ZnCo_(2)O_(4) nano-needle arrays were prepared by hydrothermal annealing method on 304 stainless steel mesh substrates(ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM).The surface morphology,composition and wettability of the ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and contact angle measurement.The contact angle test results showed that the water contact angle of ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM in air was 0°and underwater oil contact angle was greater than 155°,indicating superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic property.Therefore,when the ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM surfaces contact with the oil-water mixture or emulsion,the oil and water can be effectively separated.Through the oil-water separation experiments,it is found that ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM can efficiently separate several kinds of oil-water mixtures and oil-in-water emulsions under its gravity at room temperature.The separation efficiency of oil-water mixture is greater than 99.8%,and the flux is 3861-6114 L/(m^(2)·h).The separation efficiency of oil-in-water emulsion is greater than 99.5%,and the flux is 231-322 L/(m^(2)·h).ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM has recycling stability,and the separation efficiency can still reach more than 99.8%after 30 times of continuous separation of the kerosene-water mixture.The underwater anti-oil-fouling property of ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM is also demonstrated.A stream of light oil(n-hexane)is quickly ejected to the ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM surface and the oil can bounce off the ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM surface instantly without any oil droplets remaining.Furthermore,the heavy oil(CCl4)ejected to the ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM all slips off during the ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM lifting process,and there is no residue.More importantly,the ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM shows superior excellent long-term stability,mechanical durability,and high corrosive environment durability.The underwater oil contact angle(UOCA)does not decrease during air storage for 10 months,indicating the excellent long-term stability of ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM.The underwater oil contact angle(UOCA)is slightly reduced,but it remains underwater superhydrophobic property after dragging 200 cm length.The result shows the good mechanical durability.The underwater oil contact angle and surface morphology of ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM have no obvious change after the immersion test in corrosive medium,including strong corrosion environment(strong acid,pH=1;strong alkali,pH=14;high salt,3.5wt.%NaCl)and mild environment(neutral and weak acid and alkali).The result confirms that the material has excellent corrosion resistance.In summary,stainless steel mesh serves as a substrate for oil-water separation,which overcomes the disadvantage of poor mechanical strength.The highly chemically stable ZnCo_(2)O_(4) is employed as a micro-nano structure to improve the durability of the separated materials.The ZnCo_(2)O_(4)-SSM with micro/nanostructures fabricated by the hydrothermal-annealing treatment shows excellent oil-water mixture and oil-in-water emulsion separation performance.Meanwhile,the treatment method is simple,efficient,feasible,and environmentally friendly.Considering the excellent separation performance,durability,and facile preparation,the material shows good potential application prospects in the separation of industrial oily wastewater.
作者
张跃忠
沈静
张少华
武鹏鹏
刘宝胜
ZHANG Yuezhong;SHEN Jing;ZHANG Shaohua;WU Pengpeng;LIU Baosheng(Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)
出处
《表面技术》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第16期198-207,共10页
Surface Technology
基金
山西省基础研究项目(202303021211166,202203021222188)
山西省专利转化项目(202402019)
山西省重点研发项目(202102050201003,202203D111001)。
