摘要
随着浅部金属矿产资源的日益枯竭,金属矿山深部开采势在必行。开采进入深部后,高应力等复杂地质环境使得岩爆等灾害问题凸显,成为制约金属矿深部开采的主要问题之一。尽管岩爆灾害问题由来已久,但受其发生机制和监测手段的限制,始终未能得到有效解决。首先,通过文献调研,对岩爆评价体系和岩爆防控技术进行了系统的总结与归纳。结果表明,当前所提出的岩爆评价体系较多,能够对岩爆灾害的等级和倾向性进行较好地评价与预测。在岩爆防控技术体系方面,按照灾害处置时机和防护机制,可分为被动式防控技术和主动式防控技术两类。其次,基于开采方案优化和应力环境再造思想发展起来的整体规划理念,为金属矿深部开采岩爆灾害防控提供了新思路与新方法。最后,以三山岛金矿深部开采为背景,验证了整体规划理念下卸荷采矿方案在岩爆灾害防控上的优势与效果,为未来金属矿山深部开采岩爆灾害的超前干预与主动防控提供了有效借鉴。
The gradual depletion of shallow resources necessitates the imperative shift towards deep mining.In deep mining,dynamic disasters,such as rockburst,caused by high in-situ stress and other complex geological environments,have persistently posed a significant challenge to the safe and efficient extraction of deep minerals.Despite the longstanding occurrence of rockburst disasters,they have not been effectively resolved due to limitations in their occurrence mechanisms and monitoring methods.In this paper,the evaluation system and the prevention and control technology of rockburst were systematically summarized and concluded through literature research.The current research progress shows that there are many evaluation systems of rockburst,which can evaluate and predict the grade and tendency of rockburst disasters well.Regarding rockburst prevention and control systems,they can generally be classified into passive and active control technology based on the timing of disaster management and protective mechanisms.The overall planning concept was developed based on mining plan optimization and stress environment reconstruction,providing a new idea and method for rockburst prevention and control in deep mining of metal mines.Finally,taking the deep mining of Sanshandao Gold mine as the background,the advantages and effects of the unloading mining scheme in rockburst control and prevention under the integrated planning concept were verified,which provided an effective reference for the advanced intervention and active prevention and control of rockburst in deep mining of metal mines in the future.
作者
陈璐
郭利杰
杨小聪
CHEN Lu;GUO Lijie;YANG Xiaocong(BGRIMM Technology Group,Beijing 100160,China;National Centre for International Research on Green Metal Mining,Beijing 102628,China)
出处
《矿冶》
CAS
2024年第4期482-494,514,共14页
Mining And Metallurgy
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52204091)
北京市科技新星计划资助项目(20230484242)。
关键词
金属矿山
深部开采
岩爆
灾害防控
整体规划
metal mines
deep mining
rockburst
disaster control and prevention
integrated planning
