摘要
探究西南地区露天矿山生态修复过程中植被与土壤碳储量变化特征及其固碳潜力,为该地区露天矿山生态修复提供数据支撑。在重庆市铜锣山矿区选取修复后的露天矿坑建立固定样地,在修复后1年、3年和5年开展连续监测,以研究区内典型常绿阔叶林作为参照,在样地中设置样方开展植物群落调查,测定0~10 cm、11~20 cm、21~30 cm土层的有机质、容重、石砾含量,计算不同修复年限植被和土壤碳储量,分析露天矿山修复的植被-土壤系统固碳效应及潜力。结果表明:露天矿山修复后植被-土壤碳密度增加缓慢,修复5年期与1年期未表现出显著差异;修复区植被各组分碳密度表征为地上生物层>根系层>枯落物层;0~10 cm土层有机碳含量和有机碳密度显著大于11~20 cm和21~30 cm土层(P<0.05),具有明显的表层聚集效应;修复后1~5年植被-土壤系统平均固碳速率为0.039 kg/m^(2)·a,固碳速率随演替呈增加趋势,土壤固碳速率为植被的1.8倍。以复垦和植被建设为主的露天矿山人工修复措施可以快速提升修复区植被和土壤碳储量,是增强矿区生态碳汇的有效途径,露天矿山修复固碳潜力较大。
In order to explore the vegetation-soil carbon storage variation features and carbon sequestration potential in the opencast mine ecological restoration in southwest China and provide data support for such restorations in the region,fixed sample plots were es⁃tablished in the restored open pits of Tongluoshan Mining Area in Chongqing Municipality with continuous monitoring in the 1st,3rd and 5th year after restoration.Typical evergreen broadleaved forest in the study area was used as a reference and quadrats were set in the sample plots with a survey of the plant communities and measurements of the organic matter,bulk density and gravel content in the 0~10 cm,11~20 cm and 21~30 cm soil layers.The vegetation-soil carbon storage in different restoration periods was calculated and an analysis was made on the carbon sequestration effects and potential of the vegetation-soil system in the restored opencast mines.The results showed that the vegetation-soil carbon density increased slowly with a significant difference in the 5th year from the end of the 1st year after restoration.The carbon density of each vegetation component was characterized as the sequence as aboveground biosphere>root layer>litter layer.The soil organic carbon content and density in 0~10 cm soil layer were significantly higher than those in 11~20 cm and 21~30 cm soil layers(P<0.05),showing a significant surface-layer aggregation effect.The mean carbon sequestration rate of the vegeta⁃tion-soil system was 0.039 kg/m^(2)·a from 1 to 5 years after restoration with the rate increasing with succession,and the rate of soil was 1.8 times that of vegetation.The artificial restoration measures mainly based on reclamation and vegetation construction could rapidly improve the vegetation-soil carbon storage in the restoration area,which was an effective way to enhance the ecological carbon sink in the mining area with great carbon sequestration potentials.
作者
刘江
司洪涛
李成
朱冬雪
冯樊
严有龙
王科
王琛
毛铮
徐铭泽
LIU Jiang;SI Hongtao;LI Cheng;ZHU Dongxue;FENG Fan;YAN Youlong;WANG Ke;WANG Chen;MAO Zheng;XU Mingze(Observation and Research Station of Ecological Restoration for Chongqing Typical Mining Areas,Ministry of Natural Resources(Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources),Chongqing 401120,China;Chongqing Observation and Research Station for Wansheng Mining Area Ecological Environment Protection and Restoration(Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resourc-es),Chongqing 401120,China;Chongqing Huadi Resources and Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd,Chongqing 402771,China)
出处
《安徽林业科技》
2024年第4期15-19,30,共6页
Anhui Forestry Science and Technology
基金
重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(编号:CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0280、CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1529、CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1121)。
关键词
生态修复
露天矿山
植被与土壤
碳储量
Ecological restoration
Opencast mines
Vegetation and soil
Carbon storage
