摘要
【目的】为了明确植物提取物对瓜蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)的生物活性,为植物源农药开发利用提供新途径。【方法】本研究采用喷雾法施药,测定13种植物甲醇提取物对瓜蚜的室内杀虫活性与趋避活性;将具有良好活性的黄连木(P.chinensis)和川牛膝(C.officinalis)植物提取物制备成乳油,通过田间试验测定制剂防效。【结果】在杀虫活性测定中,处理72 h后,黄连木甲醇提取物对瓜蚜的活性最高,校正死亡率达到了81.11%;在对瓜蚜趋避活性测定中,毛泡桐(P.tomentosa)甲醇提取物对瓜蚜24 h的驱避率达到75.14%,薄荷(M.pulegium)、糙苏(P.umbrosa)和川牛膝甲醇提取物对瓜蚜的趋避率均高于50%;在不同植物甲醇提取物混配活性测定试验中,黄连木甲醇提取物与川牛膝、糙苏、毛泡桐、短序荚蒾(Viburnum brevipes)甲醇提取物的混配效果优于其他组合;试验研制了20%黄连木和川牛膝甲醇提取物乳油,配方为黄连木甲醇提取物10%、川牛膝甲醇提取物10%、二甲基亚砜47%、农乳500#25%、NP-2乳化剂8%。田间试验方法测定20%黄连木川牛膝甲醇提取物乳油对瓜蚜的田间防效,以10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂为阳性对照,试验结果表明20%黄连木川牛膝甲醇提取物制剂药后14 d防治效果达到了75.26%,与阳性对照无显著差异。【结论】黄连木、糙苏、毛泡桐和川牛膝的甲醇提取物对蚜虫具有一定的生物活性,值得进一步研究。
【Objective】The study aimed to clarify the biological activity of plant extracts against Aphis gossypii Glover and provide a new way for the development and utilization of plant-derived pesticides.【Method】This study employed spray application to determine the indoor insecticidal and repellent activities of methanol extracts from 13 plants against Aphis gossypii Glover.The extracts of Pistacia chinensis and Achyranthes bidentata,showing good activity,were prepared into an emulsifiable concentrate,and the control effect of the preparation was determined through field experiments.【Result】In the test of insecticidal activity,the methanol extract of Pistacia chinensis exhibited the highest activity against Aphis gossypii Glover after 72 hours of treatment,with the corrected mortality rate reaching 81.11%.The repellent rate of methanol extracts from Paulownia tomentosa against Aphis gossypii Glover was 75.14%within 24 hours,and the repellent rates of methanol extracts from Mentha haplocalyx,Phlomis umbrosa,and Radix Cyathulae were all higher than 50%.In the test of mixing activity of methanol extracts from different plants,the combination of methanol extracts from Pistacia chinensis with methanol extracts from Achyranthes biden⁃tata,Phragmites australis,Paulownia tomentosa,and Viburnum breviscapus showed better results than other combinations.A 20%emulsifiable concentrate of Pistacia chinensis and Radix Cyathulae methanol extract was developed.The formula consisted of 10%of Pistacia chinensis methanol extract,10%of Radix Cyathulae methanol extract,47%of dimethyl sulfoxide,25%of pesticide emulsifier 500#,and 8%of NP-2 emulsifier.Field tests were conducted to determine the field control effect of the 20%methanol extract EC of Radix Cyathulae Pistaciae on Aphis gossypii Glover,with 10%imidacloprid wettable powder used as the positive control.The test results showed that the control effect of the 20%methanol extract EC of Radix Cyathulae Pistaciae reached 75.26%14 days after treatment.【Conclusion】It was suggested that the methanol extract from Pistacia chinensis bunge,Phlomis umbrosa,Paulownia tomentosa,and Medicinal Cyathula root was effective to A.gossypii.
作者
张洁
王晓娥
ZHANG Jie;WANG Xiao'e(Xianyang Vocational Technical College,Xianyang 712000,China)
出处
《甘肃农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期169-177,共9页
Journal of Gansu Agricultural University
基金
咸阳职业技术学院博士科研启动基金项目(2019BK004)
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2023-JC-QN-0240)。
关键词
植物源杀虫剂
瓜蚜
杀虫活性
田间防效
botanical insecticide
Aphis gossypii Glover
insecticidal activity
field efficacy
