摘要
开展盐碱地综合利用对保障国家粮食安全,端牢中国饭碗具有重要战略意义。盐碱胁迫是影响植物生长发育的主要非生物逆境因素之一。桑树是具有广泛抗逆性的药食同源作物,不论是在生态还是经济建设中都具有举足轻重的作用。提高桑树对盐碱胁迫的耐受性,筛选耐盐碱桑树品种,为生物改良盐碱地,提供以种适地的途径,成为目前盐碱区域农业生态修复的一个重要研究方向。综述了盐碱胁迫对桑树生长发育、光合特性和生理性状的影响以及桑树响应盐碱胁迫的分子机制和缓解盐碱胁迫的应对措施的研究进展。在此基础上,还讨论了桑树植物在耐盐性研究中存在的问题,并展望了桑树耐受盐胁迫研究的方向。旨在进一步桑树耐盐机制的解析及耐盐品种的选育提供理论依据,进而为桑树栽培广泛应用于盐碱地治理提供新思路。
With the development of economy and society,the improvement of people’s living standards and the continuous upgrading of grain consumption structure,China’s grain supply is in a tight balance as a whole,and the national food security pressure persists,Moreover,the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization has led to an irreversible decline in the quantity and quality of cultivated land in China,and the sustainable utilization and protection of cultivated land are also facing huge pressure and challenges,and the saline-alkali land has become the largest non-traditional cultivated land resource in China that can be transformed and utilized.Therefore,the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land is of great strategic significance for ensuring national food security and securing the rice bowl in China.It is an effective biological measure to cultivate saline-alkali tolerant plants and improve their saline-alkali tolerance in saline-alkali land development and technical improvement.It is an urgent need to cultivate and introduce excellent varieties that can adapt to saline-alkali environment,and to explore and cultivate more salt-tolerant plants that have both ecological restoration function and economic benefits.Mulberry is rich in nutrients and functional factors,which is also a medicinal and edible homologous crop and economic tree species with extensive stress resistance.At the same time,mulberry has many varieties,different characteristics,developed roots,lush foliage and strong resistance,which can resist the invasion of cold,drought and flood,and has many functions such as water conservation,wind and sand fixation,air purification and ecological environment improvement.It is one of the ecological tree species with great potential for ecological protection,saline-alkali land management and soil remediation.Mulberry plays an important role in both ecological and economic construction.Therefore,it has become an important research direction of agricultural ecological restoration in saline-alkali areas to improve the tolerance of mulberry to saline-alkali stress,screen mulberry varieties with saline-alkali tolerance,and provide a way for biological improvement of saline-alkali land.In this paper,the effects of saline-alkali stress on the growth and development,photosynthetic and physiological characteristics of mulberry,the molecular mechanism of mulberry responding to saline-alkali stress and the countermeasures to alleviate saline-alkali stress were reviewed.The main results are as follows:(1)The influence of saline-alkali stress on the growth and development of mulberry shows that the germination of mulberry seeds is inhibited by salt stress,which affects the growth of radicle and embryo of seedlings,and further affects the development of mulberry seeds into seedlings.In some cases,low-concentration salt stress can promote seed germination or seedling growth to some extent,and gradually turns into inhibition with the increase of concentration.(2)The effects of saline-alkali stress on the photosynthetic characteristics of mulberry trees are as follows:the effects of salt concentration on the photosynthetic characteristics of mulberry trees are various,from the adaptive mechanism under low salt stress to the inhibitory effect under moderate and high salt stress,and then to the special response under specific conditions,like alkaline salt stress,which jointly affect the photosynthetic performance of mulberry trees under salt stress.(3)The effects of saline-alkali stress on the photosynthetic characteristics of mulberry are as follows:under salt stress,mulberry plants can increase the activities of ascorbate peroxidase(APX),catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)to eliminate excessive ROS in plants,improve the adaptability of mulberry to stress and increase the contents of osmotic adjustment substances such as soluble sugar,soluble protein and proline,which are helpful to improve the adaptability of mulberry to salt stress environment.Mulberry adapts to salt stress through a series of physiological and molecular mechanisms to maintain intracellular ion balance and promote the development of salt tolerance of mulberry.(4)Molecular mechanism of mulberry responding to saline-alkali stress:Through the joint analysis of transcriptome and proteome,many transcription factors and genes responding to salt stress have been discovered in mulberry,including Na+/H+antiporter gene,Jacalin lectin gene,Mul-NHX5 gene and its regulated transcription factors MYC2,WRKY33 and EIL1.The research results provide not only solid theoretical basis for revealing the salt-tolerant mechanism of mulberry,but also important candidate genes and molecular markers for salt-tolerant variety breeding.(5)Countermeasures to alleviate saline-alkali stress:Applying K+,Ca2+and N fertilizers,spraying plant hormones such as ABA and GA3 on leaves,and using exogenous substances such as SA,proline and betaine can effectively improve the saline-alkali tolerance of mulberry trees and alleviate the damage caused by saline-alkali stress.On this basis,this paper also discusses the problems existing in the study on salt tolerance of mulberry plants.Only a few studies related to salt tolerance are involved in the study on salt tolerance-related genes and molecular mechanisms,and all of them lack large-scale productive evaluation in the field.Simultaniously,the research direction of mulberry tolerance to salt stress is also prospected,focusing on the period change under stress and the large-scale extension experiment in Ottawa.The purpose is to provide theoretical basis for further analysis of salt-tolerant mechanism of mulberry and breeding of salt-tolerant varieties,so as to provide new ideas for mulberry cultivation to be widely used in saline-alkali land management.
作者
曾玉理
史建国
常风云
宋怡颖
付广军
柴乖强
蒋晋豫
王海燕
薛忠民
ZENG Yuli;SHI Jianguo;CHANG Fengyun;SONG Yiying;FU Guangjun;CHAI Guaiqiang;JIANG Jinyu;WANG Haiyan;XUE Zhongmin(Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration of Mining Areas in Northern Shaanxi Province,Yulin University,Yulin 719000,Shaanxi,China;Mulberry Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Xi’an 710000,Shaanxi,China;Mulberry Science and Technology Backyard in Yuyang,Shaanxi,Yulin 719000,Shaanxi,China;Institute of Sand Control of Shaanxi Academy of Forestry,Yulin 719000,Shaanxi,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第9期1862-1874,共13页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
陕西林业科技创新重点专项(SXLK2023-02-36,SXLK2023-02-13)
陕西省教育厅重点科研计划项目(22JS044)
榆林市科技局项目(2023-CXY-171)
榆林学院高层次青年科学启动基金(18GK08)
陕西省林业科学院创新团队建设“沙产业研究与开发创新团队”(SXLK2020-0309)。
关键词
桑树
盐碱胁迫
耐盐机制
Mulberry
Saline-alkali stress
Salt tolerance mechanism
